PhD Theses

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Browsing PhD Theses by Subject "Africa"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Comparatives studies on the water balance and functional renal anatomy of several species of Uganda ruminants
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1969) Schoen, Alexander Richard
    Comparative studies on the water balance and related phyological phenomenon of five East African goats obtained from three disnet geographical zones of Uganda, and of one or more representatives of each of four game ruminant species from three The present studies show that the dikdik, an arid country antelope is better adapted to heat stress and to restricted water availability than the bushbuck, reedbuck or Uganda kob, all three latter animals being moist savannah or bushland antelopes. The studies indicate that the East African goat is well adapted to most geographical environments encountered in Uganda. The studies suggest the existence of a direct relationship between the relative size of the renal medulla and the degree of aridioty of the habitat for these and several others, and that by comparison with a carnivorce, the domestic dog, the total relatives glomerular volume of those ruminants studied is smaller than that of a carnivorce which latter animal needs to excrete higher amounts of nitrogenous was to resulting from a higher protein diet.
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    Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2008) Mutenyo, John
    This study was set out to examine three related issues: First, the factors that influence FDI inflow to SSA; second, whether FDI stimulates economic growth in SSA; and third, whether FDI substitutes (crowds-in) domestic investment in SSA. The generalized methods of moments (GMM) Dynamic panel estimator, designed by Arellano and Bond (1991) was used to examine the determinants of FDI. Results showed that market growth potential, rate of return to investment, openness to trade, infrastructure and urbanization, positively and significantly influence FDI inflow, while, macroeconomic instability, negatively affects FDI inflows. This seems to suggest that foreign investors are attracted more to countries that are open to the rest of the world, with good infrastructure and are macro-economically stable. The empirical results on the impact of FDI on economic growth in the SSA economies were motivated by the endogenous growth model. Using the GMM dynamic panel analysis estimator, findings showed that FDI positively and significantly impacts on economic growth; while macroeconomic instability (inflation), lack of political rights and civil liberties, negatively and significantly affect economic growth in SSA. This suggests that a good mix of economic and political climate is necessary for sustainable growth in the SSA region. A flexible accelerator investment model, 2SLS together with the standard random and fixed panel regressions were used to determine the impact of FDI on domestic private investment. The findings show that FDI leads to economic growth in SSA, the effect of FDI on economic growth is derived from overall higher induced level of investment rather than efficiency gains. Policy-makers therefore, need to promote FDI inflows to SSA but more so in those sectors where FDI crowds- in domestic private investment.
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    Examining the nexus among inflation, output growth, nominal and real uncertainty: Empirical Evidence from Selected African Countries and Regional Economies
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2014) Ndoricimpa, Arcade
    This study examines the relationship among inflation, output growth and their respective uncertainties for selected African countries. It also estimates the threshold level of inflation and examines its impact on the relationship between inflation and growth in Africa. The study uses an asymmetric multivariate GARCH model to estimate inflation uncertainty and output growth uncertainty and then applies Bootstrap causality approach to account for the problem of non-normality in error terms and the presence of ARCH effects, to examine the causal links among inflation, output growth and their uncertainties. To examine the impact of inflation threshold on the relationship between inflation and economic growth, dynamic panel threshold modeling is applied. The findings indicate that the way inflation, output growth and their uncertainties interrelate is country specific. The estimated inflation threshold is found to be 1.4 percent for CEMAC, 13.1 percent for COMESA, 12.77 percent for SADC, 8.15 percent for WAMZ and 1.03 percent for UEMOA, and 8.27 percent for Africa as a whole. Inflation is detrimental to growth when it rises above the threshold. The findings of the study have important implications. First, the level of inflation can be the cause or the effect of inflation uncertainty. Second, inflation uncertainty is not necessarily part of the welfare costs of inflation and is not necessarily bad since it was found that it can promote output growth. Third, stabilization policies should be applied carefully since they can promote or harm output growth. Fourth, increasing and sustaining output growth is a way of reducing both inflation uncertainty and output growth uncertainty. Finally, African Regional Economic Communities should adjust their convergence criteria concerning inflation since the estimated inflation threshold was found to be below or above the current target.
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    Growth and economic integration: Evidence from the Eastern and Southern Africa trade blocks
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2008) Njoroge, Lucas Kamau
    This study examines the impact of economic integration on growth by constructing an economic integration index based on average Most Favoured Nations (MFN) tariffs and the level of regional integration for the three trade blocs of Eastern and Southern Africa, namely COMESA, EAC and SADC. Furthermore, the study confirms this relationship using an intra-regional trade intensity index for each of these trade blocs. Based on extreme bounds analysis (EBA) and drawing on the neoclassical and endogenous growth theories, robust conditioning variables for economic growth are identified. System GMM estimation technique for panel data is employed which eliminates: the inconsistencies arising from omitted variables; measurement errors; endogeneity bias; unit root effects in the choice of instruments; and attenuates effects of differencing that pl ague most of the empirical work in the literature . The study finds that economic integration and trade, separately and jointly , have a positive and significant impact on growth . The study concludes that regional integration that is not accompanied by open trade policies with the rest of the world has the potential to undermine economic performance of integrating economies. The study recommends among other policies, pursuance of non-discriminatory trade liberalization concomitantly with preferential liberalization measures in both goods and services, if economic integration is to have a significant and sustained positive impact on growth.
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    The role of the medicine men among the Zaramo of Dar es Salaam.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1974) Swantz, Lloyd William
    This study of the urban Zaramo sets out to discover how the Zaramo socially and culturally understand and cope with their urban environment. It looks into the factors which facilitate or hinder the transition from traditional cultural life to modern urban society. It seeks to find the forces which guide and motivate Zaramo through this period of urban social change. The research revealed the central role of the medicine man in the urban Zaramo’s life. For this reason the focus was turned on him and his activities in relation to contemporary Zaramo urban society. In order to understand the role of the medicine man among the Zaramo today, 84 traditional medicine men and 9 Muslim clerics were interviewed concerning their therapeutic practices, methods and attitudes. One hundred clients of medicine men were interviewed to find out their problems, the causes, treatments given, payments and attitudes towards traditional medicine. One hundred and fifty Zaramo were interviewed in order to obtain quantitative data on Zaramo knowledge and practice of traditional culture, religion, religion, life cycle rites and medical practices in contemporary urban Dar es Salaam. In addition, some 200 Zaramo were interviewed on specific topics over a research period of five years. The quantitative evidence provided in this study substantiates the fact that the Mganga in his traditional role as healer of illness is well established in urban Dar es Salaam today. More than 700 medicine men are engaged in full time practice in Dar es Salaam and the number is likely to grow, not diminish. Between 8,000 to 10,000 clients are received each day for treatment by the Waganga. Through the situational analysis of numerous case studies and the mass of quantitative data, this thesis provides evidence to substantiate the main hypothesis proposed, that: The Mganga, is a key person in preserving traditional Zaramo culture, continues to function in modern urban society by adapting his role to the changing social conditions of his clientele.