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Browsing by Author "Fosbrooke, Henry A"

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An Administrative Survey of the Masai Social Systems
(Fosbrooke, 1948) Fosbrooke, Henry A
This issue of Notes and Records constitutes a departure from the usual form in that almost the whole of it is devoted to one area and one tribe of the Territory. It is to be hoped however that the intrinsic appeal of Masailand and the Masai will justify the experiment in the eyes of the reader, especially as the subject has, curiously enough, only very occasionally and incidentally been touched upon in past issues of this journal. It was originally intended to combine in this issue surveys of the two main groups of people inhabiting Masailand, that of the Masai by H. A. Fosbrooke, which appears here, and that of the Dorobo by R. A. J. Maguire. But considerations of space and the desire to maintain the tradition of wide variety in style and content of the papers in each issue, prompted the printing of ‘ II Torobo ’ in a separate issue, and readers who have not seen it are recommended to invest; in a copy (No. 25) in order to supplement their knowledge of one of the most interesting regions of Tanganyika.
Africa's energy crisis
(Fosbrooke, 1976) Fosbrooke, Henry A
Most people in the development world have never driven a car or used fuel oil. But all of them have heard of the world oil crisis. But silently, a fat more telling fie shortage has crept up on them, caused not by OPEC, bur by themselves.
African social research
(Fosbrooke, 1977) Fosbrooke, Henry A
The history of the five years from my take-over in March 1956 can be understood only against the social, economic and political background prevailing throughout the three component elements of the then existing Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, all of who supported the Institute and expected a share of its services. At that time ’ northern Rhodesia had a booming economy based on copper, a politically active white unofficial group seeking more and more say in the Colonial Office-controlled government and a social system based on a strict white-black dichotomy. This last manifested itself in such features as small serving hatches for African customers in the main shops in Cairo Road; menus with marked-up prices presented to African or mixed parties seeking to be served in restaurants to discourage their patronage; the Lusaka City Library ‘reserved for ratepayers’ when a Munali student sought to borrow a book, but no questions asked of a visiting European student; and miles of tarmac cycle paths to ensure the safety and comfort of European pupils cycling to their centrally heated schools whilst the Africans of Matero and Kalingalinga wallowed in muddy roads in the rains and inhaled clouds of dust in the dry season. In Southern Rhodesia, entrenched in its quasi-Dominion status since 1923, the dichotomy was even more marked, with hotels, park benches "and dwelling areas reserved for whites. This attitude was reflected more severely in the rural sphere, with half the land and the better half, at that reserved for European occupation. Nyasaland was a political and economic backwater, governed on typical paternalistic ‘colonial’ lines, the Governor being supported by an executive council overwhelmingly official with two unofficial Europeans and, needless to say, no Africans.
Aims, methods and practical application of social research in East Africa
(Fosbrooke, 1950) Fosbrooke, Henry A
The need for sociological research has been fully recognized by the establishment of the Colonial Office Social Science Research Council, and by the proposal to establish a Social Research Institute attached to Makerere College, the East African university to be. Such need is further emphasized in the proceedings of the Colonial Office African Summer Conference, 1949, and by the provision made by Tanganyika Government in its 1949 estimates to employ three anthropologists. As the senior of these, with a background of 18 years administrative experience, I hope to obtain guidance from the Conference on the method of approach and functions of Government social anthropology
Amendments to the Ngorongoro Conservation area ordinance
(Fosbrooke, Henry a (1975) Amendments to the Ngorongoro Conservation area ordinance, 1975) Fosbrooke, Henry A
6. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, "the Ordinance-" means the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ordinance 7. Section 2 of the Ordinance is amended in subsection (l)— TP (a) by adding the following new definitions in their appropriate alphabetical positions: "the Authority” means the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority established by section 4; "the Board” means the Board of Directors of the Authority,nj (b) by deleting the definition '’Conservator'1 and substituting therefor the following definition: "Conservator" noans the Conservator of the Conservation Area appointed in accordance with the provisions of section 5B;"
Briefing on Ngorongoro Conservation Area for Media Workshop for Journalists on Sustainable Development, Arusha February 1988
(Fosbrooke, 1988) Fosbrooke, Henry A
In this briefing, by means of slides and a photograph and map display an attempt is made to show you what you won't see during your visit to Ngorongoro rather than what you will see on your arrival! You cant fail to be impressed by the magnificant sweep of the Crater Wall c.2000 feet in height enclosing in an unbroken circle more than 100 sq. miles of Africa in miniature, grassland, scrub and forest: saltlakes, fresh water pools, bubbling springs and of course a phenomenal display of wildlife. But what is not apparent to the visitor is the underlying factors ^ which have brought this situation about, how it is being maintained today and how one hopes it may be maintained in the future. By legal definition we are dealing with man made boundaries, defining a Conservation Area of 3200 sq. miles of which the Crater is the core.
Case study: Ngorongoro crater and Serengeti National Park
(Fosbrooke, Henry A.(1959).Case study: Ngorongoro crater and Serengeti National Park, 1959) Fosbrooke, Henry A
As this paper is introductory to two subsequent contributions the same subject, namely Mr. Parkipuny's on the Masai point of view and Prof. Makalu’s on the legal aspects I will first present background information applicable to all aspects of the problem, ecological ethnological and historical, before expressing some views/ on the subject gained from my long experience of the area. I first walked across the Crater as a young District Officer in 1934 served as the first Conservator from I96I-I963 and then as a member of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Board from 1980 to 1988.
Chapter on social security in African Labour Survey (ILO)
(Fosbrooke, 1994) Fosbrooke, Henry A
Manuscript of Henry Fosbrooke about social security in Africa Labour Survey. Some of topic mentioned includes: Occupational disease and inductrial accidents benefits have been fairly widely increased in the last few years in all parts of Africa - French, British Africa, Angola, Somalia, Congo, S.W.Africa (1941 S.A. legislation extended) In French territories legislation is (since 1958) unform. Industrial accident covers any accident at work or in transit to and from place of work. Restictions: Seamen (except Ghana and Nigeria); fishermen (excpet Nigeria) Domestic servants in N.R., Mauritius, the Union + S.W.Africa
Chronological summary of the eviction of pastoralists from the Mkomazi game reserve in Tanzania
(Fosbrooke, 1991) Fosbrooke, Henry A
(Note: The Mkomazi Game Reserve comprises approximately 1,000 square kilometres, and lies in Kilimanjaro and Tanga region 5. This area has served as a traditional seasonal grazing ground for pastoralist livestock since the time of their ancestors, 200 years ago
The division of meat after hunting
(Fosbrooke, 1986) Fosbrooke, Henry A
A study or the division can often obtain an interesting sidelight on an African’s social obligations or an animal killed in the hunt. The following note is from an informant in Aimwan, a small-chiefdom on the west coast of Lake Victoria, AS is customary in many bantu tribes, the animal is the property of the man whose arrow first strikes the beast, even in the wound inflicted is not ratal, ne is called mwizi, and is expected to divide the meat as follows. 1. To the firer or the second arrow, called muhinga, a foreleg. 2. To the firer of the third arrow, called mterereze, two ribs of the chest, named Altererezo. 3. To the man who suggested the hunt, called murarlke, the throat, mumiro. 4. To the finder or the shaft or the first arrow, the base or the tail, named nchirati.
Draft for comment - not for publication : fire! master or servant?
(Fosbrooke, Henry A .(1980).Draft for comment - not for publication : fire! master or servant?, 1980) Fosbrooke, Henry A
It has been said throughout the ages that fire is a good servant of man, but a bad master. In the domestic sphere this is all too obvious. with fire as a servant we get our food cooked, and in cold climates, our houses warmed. Fire burns the bricks to build our homes, and to bake our crockery and our cooking pots. But as far as the conservation of the environment is concerned, everyone tends to look on fire as an enemy. And indeed, this is frequently so. The tragic loss of hundreds of hectares of maturing plantations at Mufindi, the set-back to re-afforestation in the Hado area of Kondoa, the reports which tragically and repeatedly appear in the press of fire in forests of Kilimanjaro and our other mountain masses, reveal an enemy on which we have to wage continued warfare.
Eviction of Maasai from Ngorongoro Crater: text of letter due to be published in Parks
(Fosbrooke, 1988) Fosbrooke, Henry A
As a long standing Conservationists in East Africa, and a member of IUCN Environment Commission, I welcome the re-appearance of the journal PARKS. I must however draw attention to the inappropriate nature of the illustration on the brochure. This shows a Maasai elder standing on the floor of Ngorongoro with the trees and Senetu water on his left and a Maasai encampment in the middle distance on his right. This was the home of the chief religious leader of the area (the Oloibonl in Maasai); the figure depicted is or rather was a resident of another Crater establishment, the remarkable fenceless boma depicted in my Ngorongoro the Eighth Wonder
Extension of Arusha region ridep to the three Maasai districts
(Fosbrooke, 1981) Fosbrooke, Henry A
I am immediately Involved in conditions in Maasai land as a member of the Board of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, and as a member of the Drafting Committee preparing a revised Management Plan following the inclusion of N.C.A.A. in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The main issue at Ngorongoro is the prohibition on cultivation throughout the Conservation Area. The Maasai rightly point out that supplies of maize flour, which has always been an important item of their diet, are most unreliable if not entirely lacking. This matter is in-the hands of the National Milling Corporation on the production side and the Arusha Regional Trading Co. The maize meal requirements of the Maasai was in the past met by private enterprise, mainly Sikh transports and retailers who by their energy and expertise provided an adequate service.
Farming systems research: 1975 program and 1974 highlights
(Fosbrooke, 1975) Fosbrooke, Henry A
The International Crops Research 1 Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is being established on a 1394 hectare site provided by the Government of India. This site is located 26-km west of Hyderabad on the Hyderabad-Bombay national highway. The average rainfall at Hyderabad and Sangareddy is 764-mm and 836-mm, respectively. Since ICRISAT is about half way between these two locations we can assume the average rainfall at ICRISAT to be about 800-mm. Eighty-six percent of the total occurs during June through October. The average rainfall in June, July, August, September and October is 115.5, 171.5, 156.0, 181.0 and 67.0 mm, respectively. The period from October through May is very dry.The western half of the site has black clay soil and the eastern half has red sandy loam soil (see Fig. 1). These soils are typical of much of the semi-arid tropics on which sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, groundnuts and chickpea are grown.This is an informal report for the benefit of visitors, trainees and colleagues and not a formal publication of the Institute. We acknowledge with thanks the excellent support of the Farming Systems Research Program by Messrs. E.W. Nunn, D.S. Bisht, B.K. Sharma and D.N. Sharma of the Division of Farm Development $ Operation.
Field progress report
(Fosbrooke, 1971) Fosbrooke, Henry A
Mrs. Syson was on duty for the whole of the period, but she lost the services of Mrs. Sigrist in September. Allan web, the I.V.S volunteer also departed in September on the conclusion of his assignment, having seen the one year household survey to successful conclusion . without his meticulous attention to detail , both administrative and statistical and his cheerful acceptance of rough living conditions, it would have been impossible to turn out work to the standard we hope we will achieve. all the counterpart supervisory and enumerator staff have ceased employment, and jobs found for a number of them in spheres which their training on the projects could be applied.
Fire! master or servants?
(Fosbrooke, 1986) Fosbrooke, Henry A
It has been said throughout the ages that fire is a good servant of man, but a bad master. In the domestic sphere this is all too obvious. With fire as a servant we get our food cooked, and in cold climates, our houses warmed. Fire burns the bricks to build our homes, and bakes our crockery and our cooking pots. But as far as the conservation of the environment is concerned. everyone tends to look on fire as an enemy I he frequent press reports of forests and bush fires from all quarters of the world from Australia to the Riviera, from California to our own forests on the Mau or on Kilimanjaro bear ample testimony to the loss which man suffers in property and. indeed4 in life from uncont- But as far as the conservation of the environment is concerned. everyone tends to look on fire as an enemy I he frequent press reports of forests and bush fires from all quarters of the world from Australia to the Riviera, from California to our own forests on the Mau or on Kilimanjaro bear ample testimony to the loss which man suffers in property and. indeed4 in life from uncontrolled fire.
First steps in village expansion and rehabilitation sociological aspects
(Fosbrooke, 1980) Fosbrooke, Henry A
Water Is the first essential. A complete survey of the potential expansion is required. On this a scheme of priorities can be established taking into consideration both ecological and socio logical factors. Factors in the former field are fertility, and suitability for arable, range potential, communications On the best and biggest water .supply in an area where land rights presented difficulties, in which case it would be better to start on a smaller water, pending the resolution of these difficulties.
Further light on rock engravings in Northern Tanganyika
(Fosbrooke, 1954) Fosbrooke, Henry A
The Kilimanjaro area of Tanganyika recently yielded a discovery which shed light on the meaning of the linear meandering engravings on rocks which cannot be interpreted without reference to the social environment in which they occur; a description of these rock engravings and their relationship to the Chagga age-grade system was recently published by Chief Petro Marealle and myself in Man, 1952, 244 and 263. But another type of engraving on rocks, namely the cup or pock marks which have been described by Leakey (‘Preliminary Report 011 Examination of the Engaraka Ruins,’ Tang. N. and R., No. 1 (1936), p. 59) and myself (‘Rift Valley Ruins,’ Tang. N. and R., No. 6 (1938), p. 59) as occurring 011 various sites in this area remained unexplained. An answer to this latter riddle has now come to light in the North Pare mountains, less than 25 miles from Marangu where the previously described engravings were found.The Pare, mountains rise 2,000 feet or more above the level of the surrounding plains. They present for settlement neither gentle slopes such as occur at the foot of Kilimanjaro, nor plateau conditions such as are found in the Kenya Highlands. But in spite of a very broken topography they are thickly inhabited by a group now known as the Pare. Historically those at the extreme north are more properly called Gweno and the remainder Asu. It is in the country of the former that the site of the pock-marked rocks occurs.
The future of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute: a note addressed to the committee appointed by Trustees to consider relationships with the University Collegem Salisbury
(Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1960) Fosbrooke, Henry A
In the note which I submitted to the committee on 6th November, 1959 I suggested that the tentative timing proposed “by Professor Fletcher at the Tins tees meeting, "of 1960 "being a year of planning and 1961 a year of assumption of responsibility "by the College" might "bear second scrutiny .Events subsequent to the Trustees meeting have reinforced me in my opinion and I feel it my duty to acquaint Trustees with my views. In the- first place Trustees took their decision and the committee made its recommendations in the light of Professor Fletcher's statement (page 3 of the minutes) that "the plans at present before the Federal Government are to go on from general degrees to honors degrees" in the quinquennium 1961-65, Fran this it was naturally assumed that the College would be in a strong position to persuade the Federal Government to provide adequate funds to carry the Institute from 1st January, 1966.In the event the Federal Government has not provided sufficient funds to establish honors degrees in the coning quinquennium, and for this reason one can imagine that the major issue in the consideration of the 1966 estimates will be the initiation of honors degrees, not the assumption of responsibility for a research institute. Put bluntly, by accepting the proposals at the present juncture, Trustees are putting the Institute at the mercy of a Government responsible to a very limited electorate, whose sympathies (both Government and the electorate) have not proved themselves markedly favorable to the cause of higher education and research.
Gerry swynnerton memorial museum
(Fosbrooke, 1981) Fosbrooke, Henry A
Arusha is indeed fortunate to have been selected as the site for this Museum, as no Town or City can be truly regarded as such until it has developed some sort of culture centre. With the offer of the old German Boma and the promise of upkeep, the Government & the Council have made possible a good start, but my experience elsewhere indicates that certain basic musts have to be fully appreciated before such a scheme can be considered soundly launched. Firstly a museum must have a theme; it must set out to teach something. This should of course not be done with a heavy hand; with modern techniques it is possible to have popular appeal and at the same time teach a lesson. As the Northern Province and the Arusha District in particular is dependent for its prosperity on the land and the produce thereof, I suggest that the theme to be adopted should be MAN/LAND RELATIONSHIP. The exhibits could show he various stages of mans endeavor 'to extract a livelihood from the land, Hunting, Pastoralism, and Agriculture. The first5 Hunting, would enable the primitive man to be featured, beginning with Oldowai, and with exhibits of still existing primitive hunters, . indiga, Dcrobo etc. Pastoralism, good and bad, primitive and developed, is an obvious theme for the Northern Province, Whilst Agriculture has many facets which can profitably be shown to the public.

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