Dynamics of forest management regimes and their implications on forest cover and livelihoods around Mbeya range forest reserve, Tanzania

This study investigated dynamics of natural resources management regimes and implications on forest cover and livelihoods around Mbeya range forest reserve. Specifically, the study assessed the forest cover change between 1986 and 2013, examined underlying forces of changes of forest management regimes and analyzed the implications of the changes to communities adjacent the reserve. The study adopted and modified sustainable livelihoods model as a conceptual framework for analysis. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Purposive sampling was applied in drawing key informants from different government institutions as well as members of communities in two villages, namely, Itimba and Mshewe villages. Primary data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. Content analysis was applied in qualitative data obtained through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and field observation. Systematic sampling procedure was used in obtaining quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used in analyzing quantitative data captured through questionnaires. In addition, land use and forest cover changes were presented in maps and graphs. Results from the study revealed that, Mbeya range forest reserve cover has consistently declined. That was captured through satellite images generated from LandSats for the years between 1986 and 2013. Data on land use/ cover patterns showed overall change in decline between 1986 and 2000 as follows; natural forest declined by 2218 hectares (ha), woodlands by 1731 ha, bush lands by 778 ha and grasslands by 486 ha. In the period between 2000 and 2013, natural forest declined by 3316 ha, woodlands by 2292 ha, bush land by 806 ha and grasslands by 440 ha. Forest cover changes are associated with expansion of crop cultivation, charcoal burning, firewood collection and bush fires resulting from increased demand for these resources. Joint Forest Management (JFM) established by Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) failed to fulfill immediate needs of the community and hence, destruction of the reserve ensues. The study concludes that sustainability of Mbeya range forest reserve can best be achieved if needs of the surrounding communities are given priority. Community based conservation may be the best way of accruing forest benefits to communities. The government should assist communities to get necessary skills and knowledge on conservation as well as legal matters. `