Deforestation, rural energy crisis and environment in Iringa region - Tanzania: a case study of Kihesa Kilolo and Ilula Itunda villages of Iringa District in Iringa Region.

The study sought to investigate the presence, cause and extent of deforestation and energy problems in Iringa region. The focus was to assess the impact and implications of deforestation and energy crisis with respect to the use and biodiversity of some tree species in two villages Kihesa Kilolo and Ilula Itunda in Iringa District, Iringa Region. Landownership traditions/practices and the implications as related to the exercise of protecting and planting trees on a regular basis was also a concern. The data was collected using five methods: questionnaire, interview, observation, photographing and documentary/library research. A total of 59 respondents provided the information. Data was analysed in their respective themes qualitatively and quantitatively. The study established that - there is deforestation within and outside the two villages, which amounts to 0.46 - 3Ha per year in the village and more than that hectareage outside the villages. There are four tree species whose biodiversity/distribution is diminishing more than others for instance the Pterocapus species. The study has also shown that landownership/ possession does not make a significant difference in reference to forestry (tree) resource management. It is recommended that in order to reduce deforestation, there is a need for cooperation, adherence to the regulations, provision of the necessary resources: material, equipment, facility, financial, moral, educative and cultural by the Government. The Government should protect the identified threatened tree species.