The role of indigenous knowledge and practices in the sustainable management of marine protected areas: the case of Jibondo Island in Mafia District, Tanzania

This study explores the role of indigenous knowledge and practices in the sustainable management of marine protected areas in Jibondo Island in Mafia District. It further aimed at investigating the indigenous systems of resource management that did exist before the establishment of MPAs and the extent to which they are being mainstreamed or integrated in the present intervention. It also identifies the various mechanisms used in the establishment of marine protected areas and examines the extent to which the marine protection process affects specific social groups and management structures. Using qualitative research methodology including in-depth interviews, life history, focus group discussions, observation and documentary reviews, the study found out that, the life of the people around the coastal areas is organized around the interactions that exist between the people and their environment. As a result the people used various traditional means to sustainably use and manage the resources/environment around them. However, following the establishment of the new management system (MPAs), the said indigenous systems of resource management were not incorporated in the current system of resource management. The local people were not fully involved as the authorities used participation by consultation to hoodwink the populace and make them think they matter. This has resulted into disagreements and conflicts between the marine park officials and the residents of Jibondo Island. This study recommends that the establishment of marine protected areas in future should mainstream indigenous knowledge and practices in conceptualizing, planning and implementing various programmes and policies regarding coastal resources management if such measures are to be successful.