Masters Dissertations

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Browsing Masters Dissertations by Subject "1945-1990"

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    Capitalism and the disintergration of precapitalist social formation: the case of cash crop production in the Matengo highlands 1885-1960
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1993) Kapinga, Mandiluli Osmund
    The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of commodity production on a pre-capitalist social formation, in a colonial situation. Specifically, it examines the incorporation of the Matengo people into cash crop production. This study has been prompted by the assumption that, the development of capitalist production retarded the development of local entrepreneurship and destroyed the self-sufficient nature of peasant production. Penetration of capitalism made precapitalist societies unable to meet their reproduction demands. This forced them to take up cash crop production. Increasingly, this became an economic necessity for peasant households. They became forced to participate in commodity production in order to meet their reconstitution. This study demonstrates that the introduction of cash crop production in Umatengo is not necessarily the result of spontaneous response by the Matengo to entrepreneurs. The study attempts to show how the development of commodity production in Umatengo is intertwined with the crisis of capital accumulation for the colonial metropolitan economy. This factor which is decisive in determining the form and content of commoditization in Matengo society. The study demonstrates that cash crop production initiated process of transition from precapitalist relations to colonial capitalist production relations. The incorporation and transformation of pre-capitalist societies varied from one society to another. It is therefore very important to examine concrete situations. The study demonstrates that the Matengo social formation was organized in collective clan based units. The economy was characterized by production for use with agriculture being the main activity. These pre-colonial structures were undermined as they were impacted upon by the development of commodity production during the colonial period. This gave rise to private property in the form of family based economic units, increasingly responding to cash nexus in their production system. This disintegration of the Matengo pre-capitalist social formation should be viewed within this context.
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    An economic history of Rungwe district, 1890 - 1962: some aspects of social and economic changes among the Nyakyusa
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1975) Mbwiliza, Joseph F
    This study is a modest contribution to the discussion about the relationship between colonialism and underdevelopment. Its focus is mainly directed at an examination of the effect of the penetration of a market oriented colonial economy into a society whose social and economic institutions had been a result of the development of productive forces is the subsistence oriented economy. The study begins with the creation of colonial situation in the district from about 1890 and goes up to independence in 1962. The research methodology combined both archival and field research during which people of various walks of life in Rungwe district were interviewed. Among these were the returned migrants, traditional leaders the ex Amafum and Malafyale, government and mission officials and by way of contrast looked specifically for those who did not go out of Rungwe to look for wage labour. Other information was obtained from the National archives of Tanzania and Zambia. This study looks at labour migration in Rungwe District within the overall context of the economic and social change between 1890 and 1962. The major hypothesis to be advanced is that throughout this period, Nyakyusa society was undergoing a process of differentiation and marginalization among some of its groups. A further condition was the geographical environment, which determined the type of crops to be grown and in terms of an area’s accessibility to the centres of demand. A major argument which is to feature prominently is that peasant production and labour migration were two separate responses open to the Nyakyusa in the early period of the colonial situation. But after about 1923 the two formerly alternative responses were becoming complementary to each other as none of them
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    A history of colonial production in the Songea district, Tanzania , 1897-1961
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1976) Mpangala, Gaudens Philip
    This thesis is divided into three main parts, notably introduction, chapter one to four, and a conclusion. Introduction deals with three main aspects. First it shows how this study is attempting to make a departure as well as an improvement from the existing studies on the Songea District. Secondly it defines the basic problems of the study, that is the problem of colonial penetration, the problem of colonial production and the problem of social and political changes consequent to colonial production. Lastly it reveals that the study makes use of political economy as a tool of analysis based on the contemporary theories of underdevelopment. Chapter one provides a necessary background to the whole study. It therefore dwells on the aspect of pre-colonial social formations. It be ins by examining socio-economic developments taking place before the coming of Wangoni in the middle of the 19th century and then proceeds to show how the coming of Wangoni accelerated those developments, thus giving rise to rapid growth of feudal social and political institutions.Chapter two examines developments in the structures of colonial economy in the district. The structures include labour migration, food-crop production, and peasant and settler cash-crop production. Such structures /economy resulted into growth and non-growth features of colonial/economy in the district. The chapter further shows that growth of these structures had to be preceded by, or in some cases, had to take place concurrently with colonial penetration and establishment of colonial political control. The third and last chapters show how the process of colonial production resulted into the growth of social structures accompanied by the rise of social differentiation, thus giving rise to embryonic processes of class formation. Grievances emerging out of the social structures, due to contradictions inherent in colonial production, provided the basis in the struggle for national independence. The conclusion briefly examines post-independence colonial legacies. In particular are the legacies of inherited colonial social and economic structures and the colonial methods of economic planning. It therefore ends up by giving suggestions on how to combat such legacies in order to establish a sound economic development in the district.