Browsing by Author "Njama, Akili Hassan"

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    Management of public leaders’ ethics in Tanzania: a case of ethics secretariat
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Njama, Akili Hassan
    This study explored the capacity of ethics secretariat (ES) in managing public leaders’ ethics. Specifically, it sets out to investigate the capacity of the institution in managing public leaders’ ethics: examine the legal framework capacity, analyse human and financial capacity and asses the functional relations between the Ethics Secretariat and other institutions governing ethics, namely PCCB, CHRGG, the Parliament, the Court and the ministry for public service and good governance. The study employed the political economy theory and its methodology was primarily qualitative. Its findings relied heavily on questionnaires, documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants of the institution mentioned above. Generally, it was found that the capacity of Ethics Secretariat in managing public leaders’ ethics is affected by various factors. Some of these factors include the weakness of Leadership Code of Ethics Act of 1995, insufficient human and financial resources, weakness in functional relations between the ethics Secretariat and other institution governing ethics mentioned above. The study concludes first, under inappropriate law, insufficient human and financial resources and inappropriate functional relations between the Ethics Secretariat and other ethics governing institutions, the management of public leaders’ ethics is difficult if not impossible to comprehend; at best it is likely to remain an elusive phenomenon. Second, in a context where unethical leaders are rarely sanctioned some leaders have an opportunity to act according to their wishes and not according to the law. The study recommends a substantial of the Leadership code of ethics act No 13 of 1995 amended in 2001 and enactment of a new constitution in order to create space for oversight institutions to work independently
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    Management of public leaders’ ethics in Tanzania: a case of ethics secretariat
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Njama, Akili Hassan
    This study explored the capacity of the Ethics Secretariat (ES) in managing public leaders‘ethics. Specifically, it sets out to investigate the capacity of the institution in managing public leaders‘ethics: examine the legal framework capacity, analyses human and financial capacity and assess the functional relations between the Ethics Secretariat and other institutions governing ethics, namely PCCB, CHRGG, the Parliament, the Court and the Ministry for public service and good governance. The study employed the political economy theory and its methodology was primarily qualitative. Its findings relied heavily on questionnaires, documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants of the institutions mentioned above. Generally, it was found that the capacity of the Ethics Secretariat in managing public leaders‘ethics is affected by various factors. Some of these factors include the weaknesses of the Leadership Code of Ethics Act of 1995, insufficient human and financial resources, weakness in functional relations between the Ethics Secretariat and other institutions governing ethics mentioned above. The study concludes first, under inappropriate law, insufficient human and financial resources and inappropriate functional relations between the Ethics Secretariat and other ethics governing institutions, the management of public leaders‘ ethics is difficult if not impossible to comprehend; at best it is likely to remain an elusive phenomenon. Second, in a context where unethical leaders are rarely sanctioned, some leaders have an opportunity to act according to their wishes and not according to the law. The study recommends a substantial amendment of the Leadership Code of Ethics Act No 13 of 1995 amended in 2001 and enactment of a new Constitution in order to create space for oversight institutions to work independently from government interference.
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    Urban authority challenges in managing hawkers in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es salaam, 2010) Njama, Akili Hassan
    Studies of mismanagement of hawkers by urban councils in the developing world such as Tanzania point out various reasons why urban councils fail to manage hawkers properly. Hawkers as posited in different literature are portrayed as a problem in a number of ways, they violate regulations that govern municipalities and cities, they rival the formal sector businesses and hence denying local government tax revenues and blocking the pedestrians as well as increasing congestion on busy streets. This perspective raises a number of questions, for example, what are the reasons behind the urban council failing to manage the hawkers properly and to what extent is illegal hawking a problem for the urban councils. Using the case of Ilala Municipality my study explores these questions in an attempt to gain a better understanding of existing illegal hawkers, regardless of the current trend of empowering the councils.Data for this study was collected through observations, questionnaires, Interview and documentary review. The methods of analysis employed by this study include both qualitative and quantitative, a number of factors explain the mismanagement of hawkers by urban council in Tanzania. They include poor /inappropriate by-laws, poor management techniques, central government interference in council affairs and the nature of the local government system in Tanzania. I found that the politicians support some hawkers as a way of increasing popularity, and gaining support during general elections. The study also finds that outdated by-laws and poor infrastructure in the designated areas have in fact helped to promote and legitimize illegal hawking in urban areas. I recommend proper political support by politicians be given to council officials, satellite centre in areas far away from the city centre should be provided, the hawkers themselves should be involved before investing in the area, existing by-laws should be amended and enough manpower should be employed as a proper strategy for an effective and efficient way of managing hawkers rather than using force.