Browsing by Author "Kisanga, Elineema Kennedy"

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    The effect of non-bank financial institutions on demand for money: a case study of Tanzania 1967-2002.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2004) Kisanga, Elineema Kennedy
    This study investigated the effect of deposits mobilized by non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) on the demand for money in Tanzania for the period 1967-2002. The study was motivated by the rapid emergence and growth of liabilities of NBFIs in the country. In the analysis, adjustment was made to the standard demand for money function by adding the deposits mobilized by NBFIs to the three definitions of money namely; narrow definition (Ml), broad definition (M2) and the expanded broad (M3) definition of money. The demand for money function was estimated by using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The data used were annual time series for the period 1967-2002. The choice of OLS as the appropriate single equation estimation method was because it is simple to use and it has been widely used with good results. The model used in the analysis included six variables namely: income, interest rate, inflation rate, monetization (M2/GDP), real exchange rate, liabilities of NBFIs and a dummy variable to capture the effect of economic reforms in the country. The study established, among others that, the NBFIs liabilities are important in explaining the demand for money in Tanzania. The findings suggest that, any monetary policy aimed at stabilizing the economy should take into account the activities of NBFIs. Besides, since the liabilities of the NBFIs influence money demand in Tanzania, policies that would introduce new financial products will expand the NBFs savings and its importance in the economy. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that there is no significant impact of the economic reforms on the demand for money in Tanzania for the period under study. Since the participation of the NBFIs in the financial sector expands the market for financial instruments, broader rnacroeconomic policies are required to address rigidities in the money market and to improve the performance of the NBFIs.
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    Household transport expenditure and travel behaviour in Tanzania: the case of Dar es Salaam city
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2016) Kisanga, Elineema Kennedy
    This study examined household expenditures on transport and travel behavior in Tanzania in order to provide insights and evidence as a basis for transport policy and strategies in urban settings in the region. The analysis of the study applied descriptive analysis, logit and count data models, as well as indices and graphical tools of analysis to explore household transport expenditures and travel behaviors of individuals. Two different dataset has been used in the analysis namely Household Budget Survey (HBS) of 2007, Household Interview Survey (HIS) of 2007 which are expenditure and travel surveys respectively. Key findings of this study are as follow: First, despite the fact that it is a derived demand, transport is an important component of household budget; the finding which is consistent with what found on other studies in developing countries. Second, commuting by bus and walking are the widely used mode of transport by households in Dar es Salaam city a feature that is also common in most of developing countries. Third, the socio-economic characteristics such as education, gender, age, income and occupation appear to play key influential role in travel behavior of individuals. Notable of these, the socio-economic dimensions of households as well as time and out-of-pocket costs were found to have potential role in affecting the travel behavior of individuals in Dar es Salaam city. Thus, the policy implication drawn from the study is that formulation of transport policies and programs should focus to ensure cost of commuting are affordable to all especially for poor residents. Fiscal and non fiscal measures are key to facilitate performance of the transport sector particularly urban transport sector.