Browsing by Author "Joseph, Michael"

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    The role of rural-urban migration among youths in enhancing climate change adaption of rural communities in Mtwara district
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Joseph, Michael
    This study was conducted in Mtwara District to assess the role of rural-urban migration among youths in enhancing climate change adaptation of rural communities. Purpose sampling and simple random sampling techniques were applied to obtain four study villages and household, respectively. Open ended questionnaires were used for household, interview guides were applied to key informants and focus group discussions were conducted in the four villages. Field data were analyzed by using cross-tabulation, analysis of frequencies and correlation with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 of 2010. Microsoft Excel 2010 was applied in analysis of descriptive statistics. Findings of this study revealed that climate of Mtwara district has not significantly changed over the past thirty years. However, what were experienced were impacts of climate variability. The impacts were reported to be the reason for the decline in agricultural crops and fish catches. Adaptation measures such as diversification of income sources planting resistant crops and joining in various clubs to share knowledge for solving climate related challenges were found to be inefficient with respect to the observed impacts since majority of residents reported to be affected had nothing to do. Low education level of respondents was one of the major factors for inefficient adaptation measures. Since there were few opportunities and low level of investments in villages, youths have been migrating as a means to secure their income. In fishers’ migration was directed towards other fishing villages which were temporary. Majority of youths in farmers’ villages were migrating to urban canters out of the region both temporary and permanently. I n view of the above, all forms of migration brought benefits within a short time. Due to long time of youths’ absence, families last man-power and were left with difficult living conditions. In light of this, education is needed on impacts of climate change and variability in villages of Mtwara district and infrastructures like roads, markets and schools have to be improved to reduce distress migration.
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    Simulation modelling for capacity optimisation of terminal operations at Dar es salaam port
    (Master dissertation, 2015) Joseph, Michael
    Cargo congestion at Dar es Salaam Port results in loss of revenue by Tanzania Port Authority (TPA). The recognised congestion is due to lack of equipment and machinery, lack of enough staff especially at documentation processing, long time documentation processing, ignorance to some agents as well as lack of skills and negative attitude among port operators. This study presents simulation models for capacity optimisation of terminal operations at Dar es Salaam port for the purpose of reducing cargo congestion. It uses the principle of imitating containers and motor vehicles handling and discharging operations at the port in order to allow the improvement of performance of the operations. Simulation models were developed using FlexSim software and can be easily adopted and implemented to reduce cargo congestion at ports. The input data used for the models were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The results from the study show that, the cargo input at Dar es Salaam port is significant and has increased by 9.8 percent from 2003 to 2012. There is lack of equipment and machinery for discharging cargo at the port causing cargo congestion. The throughput of cargo (containers and motor vehicles) is low. Through capacity optimisation, the throughput of containers can be improved from 200 to 1407 per day and of motor vehicles from 325 to 1616 per day. The study recommends the need to incorporate the effects of weather conditions and infield distance between working areas for more accurate results.