Browsing by Author "Hassan, Fabiola"

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    Negation in IMITHupi dialect of makua
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2010) Hassan, Fabiola
    This dissertation reports on a study that describes the markers of negation and their distribution in various types of sentence structures in Imithupi. It also examines the extent to which the scope of negation varies with the choice of the negation markers. The study is based on theoretical concepts drawing on the Basic Linguistic Theory (BLT).Structured Interview and Participant Observation methods were used in data collection. To meet the objectives, each negative verb was fragmented into various morphemes. Then, the forms and distribution of all negative markers were identified. Finally, elements of a sentence negated by each of the markers were identified.The results show that the forms of negation in Imithupi are pre-initial kha-, post-initial -hi- and kha-SM-hi-mwe. These markers occur in different sentence structures; however, it was found that in some sentence structures they can co-occur. These markers can negate subject, verb, object, locative complement, and adjunct of a sentence. It was found that although each of the markers negates different elements, two markers can negate the same element. Finally, except for the verb, negation of subject, object, locative complement and adjunct requires them to be the subject or the topic of the sentence so as to avoid ambiguity on the scope of negation. In conclusion, the study shows that Imithupi exhibits negation characteristics that are common to the majority of Bantu languages but others are unique for Imithupi.For further research, the study recommends the description of the influence of tone on negation.
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    Uchanganuzi wa upinduzi wa kimahali katika lugha ya Kiswahili
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Hassan, Fabiola
    Kwa kawaida kuna uhusiano baina ya udarajia wa dhima za kisemantiki na za kisarufi za viambajengo vya sentensi. Uhusiano huo ni kwamba kiambajengo chenvc dhima ya kisemantiki inayotokea katika nafasi ya juu ndicho kinapaswa kuwa kiimacha sentensi. Upinduzi wa kimahali ni mchakato unaoibua changamoto katika uhusiano huo. Changamoto iliyopo ni kwamba kimahali ambacho kinatokea katikanafasi ya chini katika udarajia wa dhima za kisemantiki, kinapandishwa hadhi na kuwa kiima hata kama katika tungo kuna kiambajengo kinachopaswa kuwa kiima ikilinganishwa na kimahali. Aidha, licha ya kufanyika tafiti katika lugha nvingine za Kibantu na Kiswahili, kuna masuala hayakufafanuliwa kwa uwazi, mengine yalikuwa na utata, na mengine yalionekana kutofautiana kati ya lugha moja na nyingine.Mathalani, ilielezwa kwamba lugha ina ama tungo zenye upinduzi wa kimahali chakimofolojia au zile zenye upinduzi wa kimahali cha kisemantiki. Pamoja na kuclezwa hivyo, haikuelezwa iwapo lugha moja inaweza kuwa na aina zote mbili za tungo. Hivyo, tatizo la ukiukwaji wa uhusiano wa udarajia wa dhima za kisemantiki na zakisarufi za viambajengo vya sentensi pamoja na masuala ambayo hayakufafanuliwa kwa uwazi katika tafiti zilizopita, kuliibuka haja ya kufanya utafiti unaoripotiwa katika tasinifu hii. Utafiti huu umechanganua Upinduzi wa Kiniahali katika Lugha ya Kiswahili. Utafiti ulikuwa na malengo mahususi manne. Mosi, kubainisha aina za tungo zenye upinduzi wa kimahali, vitenzi vinavyoruhusu na vile visivyoruhusu utokeaji wa tungo hizo. Pili, kubainisha vimahali vinavyoweza na vile visivyoweza kupinduliwa katika tungo. Tatu, kufafanua dhima za kisarufi za viambajengo vinavyohusika katika tungo zisizo na upinduzi wa kimahali na zile zenye upinduzi huo. Mwisho, kufafanua muundo wa taarifa na umuhimu wa kimawasiliano wa tungo zenye upinduzi. Uchanganuzi wa data umetumia misingi ya mkabala wa Saruti Leksia Amilifu ulioasisiwa na Bresnan na Kaplan mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Utafiti ulifanyika katika Idara za Kiswahili, Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam na Chuo Kikuu cha Taifa cha Zanzibar. Data zilikusanywa kutoka katika vitabu 2 pamoja na watoataarifa 40. Data zilipatikana kwa njia za usomaji wa nyaraka, ushuhudiaji shiriki, upimaji wa usahihi wa kisarufi, usaili, na hojaji. Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba lugha ya Kiswahili inatungo zenye mapinduzi wa kimaana cha kimoforojia na zile zenye upinduzi wa kimaana yake na kithimu na kimahali. Na mtenda ambayc hajapinduliwa ni kiima, na aliyepinduliwa ni chagizo. Kuhusu muundo wa taarifa, katika tungo zenye upinduzi mada ni kimahali kilichopinduliwa na fokasi ni kithimu kilichopinduliwa. Aidha, tungo zenye upinduzi wa kimahali zina umuhimu wa umadaishaji wa kimahali, ufokalishaji wa kithimu, na ufokalishaji linganuzi wa kithimu. Kutokana na matokeo haya, inapendekezwa kwamba kufanyike utafiti kama huu katika lugha nyingine za Kibantu ambazo hazijafanyiwa utafiti iii kulinganisha na kulinganua ruwaza za upinduzi wa kimahali baina ya Kiwahili na lugha nyingine.