Mdee, James S2021-02-182021-02-181980Mdee, James S (1980) The degree of acceptability of new Swahili terms: speakers response analysis, Masters dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam.http://41.86.178.5:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/14866Available in print form, EAF collection, Dr. Wilbert Chagula Library (THS EAF PL8701.M4)Most African countries are multilingual communities, their different languages performing different functions within the social life of the community and being accorded different statuses by different groups of people. Because the colonial boundaries cut across ethnic groups, the African nations created" by the colonial powers constituted different ethnic groups speaking different languages. Thus, when independence came, political leaders found themselves in a dilemma: whether to select one African language which is a lingua franca to serve as a national and official language, and at the same time retain a European language as a means of communication with the outside world, or promote the major languages equally for regional communication and maintain the colonial language as both the official and national language; or maintain the colonial language as the national and official language leaving all the local languages to operate at ethnic level. Thus faced with this situation, some countries have stated their language policy in fairly clear-cut terms while others are reluctant to do so for fear that recognition of one language would lead to a series of demands from advocates of other language speakers which the governments of the Independent status could not afford. The search for a national language policy in Africa, gave rise to three models of language policy (Ohly R. 1.974: 58) A) (1) The Senegalese Model (ii) The Guinean Model and (ii) The Tanzanian Model. 1.1.2 The Senegalese Model some multilingual nations such as Senegal tried to solve the problem of language by adopting one European language to serve as both the national and official language. Nations that chose this model adopted their former colonial master's language. Thus Senegal chose French as the national and official language leaving all the indigenous languages to operate at the ethnic group level on matters pertaining to the groups. 1.1.3 The Guinean Model Guinea proposed to use four African languages and one European language. The African languages selected: Guerze, Malinke, Tulani and Kissi were official regional languages in the regions they are spoken, French was used as the national and official language. This model was chosen in order to give the people a freedom to express themselves in the language they know better. This model is also found in Zaire where four African languages have been selected to be used as official languages: Lingala, Kikongo, Kiswahili and Luba. Trench is the national and official language. 1.1.3 The Tanzanian Model this is a language policy in which two languages operate concurrently. One is an indigenous language selected out of the many local languages spoken in the country and another is a European language which is usually the language of the former colonial master. While the former is used as the national and official language the latter is used as only official language specifically used in inter-national communication. In Tanzania Kiswahili (which is an indigenous language) was selected as the national as well as the official language. But because Kiswahili is in the process of being modernized, Tanzania continues to use English as a second official language for communication where Kiswahili cannot be used competently. English is used specifically in communication or correspondences with non-Tanzanians or in international meetings. With one language, the government can pull all its resources together and modernize it so as to enable it to join the world community of increasingly intertranslatable languages recognized as appropriate vehicles of modern forms of discourse Modernization of the language will involve inter alia, the coining of new terms to handle technical literature of various disciplines. 1.2.0 The Problem of Lexicology in Tanzania: seen A Historical Perspective Preliminary remarks Rapid development in all fields of human knowledge and endeavor necessitates the creation or change of concepts and their terms in all walks of life (Braumuller 1979: 20). A language policy that strives to develop an indigenous language to the status of a national language will inevitably be faced with the problem of shortage of terms for the new concepts the language has to describe because languages have a limited number of roots compared to the number of concepts to be denoted. Therefore in order to solve this problem terms will have to be coined and assigned to the new concepts. Kiswahili evolved along the East African coastline during the pre- ropean Rantirab tilination. Although it remained distinctly Buntu in phonological and granationl structure, it absorbed my lexical loans from Arabie language and some Muropean languages e.s. English, Portuguese and Germne some other languages whose words have entered Kiswahili are Persian, Chinese and Gujerati. Since the absorption of foreign woris started more than allenium ano, many loan words have become part are Kiswahili, so much so that it is not energy for a person without Ambient knowledge or knowledge or any other foreign language to point out much words derive from foreign language and which are purely Smalli or Bantu. The development or Kiswahili from the time it was a language or communication among the Swahili up to now when it is a national language, has accommodated new innovations and couture. In the process of modernization, there was a need to express new concepts. This need necessitated the use of new terms to express the new concepts. The dynamic character of the language manifests a process of earning or loaning terms to denote the new concepts introduced in Kiswahili both formally and informally. Thus, when reviewing theenSwahili languageTerms and phrasesThesis