Assessment of water resource governance in Tanzania based on three layer model of water governance the case of Pangani river basin

Population in Pangani River basin is estimated to grow at a rate of 4% per annum, which is influenced by in-migration of people in search of land, business opportunities and the booming tourism industry. About 80% of its population also depends on the agriculture for livelihood. Conflicts that are experienced in PRB are of ideology, size and location. In addition to that PRB is considered as water stressed basin. The stress is attributed to: high population growth increased cropping intensity. Therefore this study was set to assess the existing water governance mechanism in the PRB on the context of water quantity and water quality monitoring, billing and permit system and the aspect of information sharing and cooperation PBWB/WUA’s. An assessment and data collection were conducted and collected respectively through key informants, focus group discussions and observations and also from the data archives in PBWB. This study has revealed that; permit issuing system is complicated, not well understood by many stakeholders involved in the process: No clear roles and responsibilities between PBWB and other stakeholders involved in the water quality monitoring: Digitalized financial administration system is missing: Insufficient fund allocated to the department is a constraint to perform most of the jobs and tasks properly. The study recommends; Clear roles and responsibilities need to be stated again to all stakeholders involved in the permit system and water quality monitoring system, proposal improvement in water governance at the lowest level in the community by providing enabling environment for WUA’s to function properly and further studies are recommended to assess water governance in groundwater.