A study on beta-diversity of spiders in Udzungwa mountains National park, Tanzania using distance approach

Beta diversity is central to wide range of theoretical and applied ecological questions. It is defined as spatial change of species composition as a result of replacement of species from one community to the other or species loss. It therefore provides a link between local and regional diversity for better conservation plan. Despite of its importance, studies on beta diversity have not yet been conducted in Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP). The present study aimed at studying beta diversity of Spiders in UMNP using distance approach. The study was conducted in six sites located at different altitudes and distances in each of the site; sampling plots were established in which collection of spiders was carried out using pitfall traps. A total of 120 samples were collected, yielding a total of 234 specimens of adult spiders belonging to 62 morphospecies in 29 families. The data collected were used to calculate abundance, richness, diversity and similarity of species between sites. Statistical data analyses revealed that Sanje chini site had the highest abundance and species richness compared to other sites. Family Zodariidae was the most dominant family in all six sites. There was no significant difference in diversity among the six sites and the turnover rate of spiders was found to be high between the six sites although it could not be associated with increase in distance nor altitude. Conclusively, the distance and altitude did not play a significant role in the turnover of spider species. Recommendations are given on actions that need to be taken.