Water demand assessment and related water utilization problems: the case of same district, Tanzania

The research deals with water demand assessment and problems related to water utilization in Same d district, Tanzania. In this area, there are different water users such as agricu lture, livestock, industrial and commercial competing with domestic water use. The met hodologies used were l iteratu re review, field visits and interviews to different stake holders. I he water users were identified from Same District Council Authority. the cu rrent and future re domestic water demand was estimated by projecting population growth and multiplied by recommended water demand per capita from 2008-2028. The results show that water demand 23776 m3/day and 64058 m3/day are required i n 2008 and 2028 respectively . The high water demand observed i n Same Urban, Hedaru and Ndunguru wards of 3124 m3/day, 3170 m3/day where by the coordinates were recorded by using GPS instrument. The results were mapped on the shape files where spatial distributions of water projects were displayed. This shows 57 gravity schemes, 7 boreholes fitted with hand pumps, 5 boreholes install with submersible electrical pumps and 13 shallow wells fitted with the total yield of 1 1795 m 3/day. This amount provides coverage of 54% of domestic water demand in the district with deficits of 1 1037 m3/day and 47705 m 3/day i n 2008 and 2028 respectively . Lack of community communication, lack poor operation and maintenance arrangements, lack data and information and inadequate training given to stakeholder are among the problems revealed in the study area. I n order to reduce water shortage i n Same urban, it is proposed to drill 24 boreholes which wil l provide792000 m 3/day. Also more studies on other sources in the area are h highly encou raged.