Management of non-revenue water a case of water supply in Arusha urban water supply and sanitation authority (auwsa):

Inadequate water services provisions in urban and rural areas are challenges especially in developing countries. In Tanzania, Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (UWSAs) are legally mandated to operate since 1998. However, a large amount of water lost leads into waste of other cherished resources especially energy and water chemicals resources. The study aim to assessing the management of Non-Revenue Water (NRW): a case of Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (AUWSA) and developing effective strategies for reducing. This study revealed and quantified factors of NRW for AUWSA water network and area. The study area consists of 7 boreholes sources, 4 km transmission pipe line and 3,4o8 water customers. Primary data was collected from 358 water customers through survey with administered interview applied for Factor Analysis, measurement and field observations. The secondary data ws obtained from reviewing of AUWSA documentation and Through Literatures. The findings show that NRW for AUWSA is at an average of 42.11%. The study area revealed NRW of 29.42% where Apparent Losses is 21.02% and Real Losses is 8.48%. Unauthorized consumption revealed a loss of 15.61% which is higher to compare to other components. Factor analysis shows that the descriptive statistic for billing/accounting errors has a mean of 2.42, leakage due to development activities has a mean of 1.49 and leakage on main line has a mean of 1.46 which are higher compared to others factors. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin is 0.648 which shows that the data are adequate. The total variance shows that four factors have value greater than one as follows: leakage on main line (2.513), leakage on distribution or customer main (1.745, leakage due to development activities (1.250) and leakage on customer premises (1.042). During development of a framework for water networks five factors have been considered which are: critical issues with its causes, stakeholder’s involved, strategic objective and key performance indicator. General conclusion shows that NRW is still higher where more effort and strategy are required. The main recommendation was to introduce more strategies which can lead into decreasing NRW into optimum level.