PhD Theses

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Browsing PhD Theses by Subject "Developing countries"

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    Exports of manufactures from African countries: a study in economic development and the structure of industrial exports from selected African countries
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1986) Mbogoro, Damas
    This study is about the relationship between the level of economic development and the structure of industrial exports from African countries. In the course of our study we test three sets of hypotheses on trade in manufactured goods. The first set of hypotheses refers to the heckscher-ohlin or the factor proportions theory of international trade. The second set of hypotheses refers to the Linder thesis which postulates that that domestic representative demand is the basis for trade in manufactured goods; and the third set of hypotheses deals with hirach’s postulates of trade between developing and industrial a countries. By way of background the study also addresses the issue of the level of industrial development in Africa in the 1970s. While import substitution industrialization was the dominant strategy, African countries also adopted export oriented and indigenous industrialization strategies. Within the industrial sector, the food, beverages, tobacco, textiles, clothing and leather products industries were the dominant industries. Their contribution towards the number of establishments, employment, gross output and domestic value added was more than fifty per cent in many countries. On average, industries in Africa in the 1970s were characterized by low domestic value added mainly because of a high level of imported raw material input content for the import substituting industries and a low level of local processing for the export oriented industries. The export oriented industrialization strategy which was based on the processing of the abundant natural resources (mainly minerals) was characterized by the use of physical capital intensive techniques, and therefore offered very limited prospects for solving the urban-centered unemployment problem. About 80 per cent of industrial exports from Africa in both 1975 and 1980 were agriculture and mineral related (Ricardo) goods mostly mineral related and physical capital intensive. We have argued that most industrial exports from Africa were physical capital intensive largely because the export oriented industrialization strategy was based on the exploitation of natural resources. Partly because of the presence of a large share of natural resources intensive industrial exports we have found a very weak relationship between the level of economic development and the structure of industrial exports from Africa in both 1975 and 1980.
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    Modeling a unified communications and integrated collaboration system in the health sector of developing countries: a case study of the health sector of Uganda
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2016) Favor, Excellence
    Health sector service system is essentially intricate, multi-disciplinary and fragmented social systemcomprising of numerous contributors and clients responsible to deliver health services to patients in distinct areas. Customizing the needs of single patients intensifies the intricacy of the systems as the system finds their current model and applications or systems used to support it, inadequate to meet their requirements (delivery, access and costs). This intricacy incites decision makers to assess intermediations such as Unified Communication and Integrated Collaboration (UCIC) system to improve the effectiveness and competence of health sector servicesystem due to evolving behaviourthe potential intended and unintended consequences. System Dynamic approach was used to develop simulation models to anticipate the degree of competence of a UCIC system intermediations as well as its cost friendliness it brings to service system. Contributions of this research are the assessmentof the existing infrastructures of the health sector in terms of communications and collaboration aspects, the use of system dynamics method and the development of two models for assessing the integration of UCIC system and traffic analysis in the health sector service system. The assessment shows the benefits as improvement in the quality of health service delivery by 40.73% and degree of exploitation by 36.51% and reduction of costs by 23.2 %. The traffic analysis assessment indicates that as the disease burden increases the traffic increases. There were policysuggestions that will assist policymakers and decision makers make decision for the betterment of the health service system thus healthy population, increased productivity, then improved human development index. The UCIC system has been especially designed for wide-area telemedicine platform and for homecare services. It allows patients to be monitored with seamless flow of information no matter their locations, even in geographically dispersed and isolated areas, where normally there is no infrastructure capable of supporting similar services