Browsing by Author "Zimba, Josephine Marion"

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    Analysis of the benefits of conservation agriculture in improving livelihoods in a changing climate in Balaka district, Malawi
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2016) Zimba, Josephine Marion
    Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been highly promoted due to its potential to ensure high crop yields even in the face of changes in climatic factors. However, the actual benefits associated with CA are not only primarily focused on food security but are also site-specific. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the benefits of Conservation Agriculture in improving livelihoods in a changing climate in Balaka district, particularly Hanjahanja and Sawali sections of Bazale Extension Planning Area. Specifically, it analyses the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, factors influencing agricultural production and CA adoption, CA’s contribution to farmers’ livelihoods and challenges and opportunities of CA in climate change adaptation. Data was collected through household surveys (n=153), key informant interviews (n=9), Focus Group Discussions, and Field Observations. The study found that there are differences in age, farm size, and education levels between adopters and non-adopters suggesting that these factors significantly influence adoption of CA. Apparently; dry spells are a major factor influencing both crop production and, eventually, CA adoption. Due to CA adoption, a majority of the farmers in both Hanjahanja and Sawali section have realised positive livelihood outcomes mainly through improved food security and increased incomes. Despite the similarity, Hanjahanja farmers reported decrease in yields in seasons marred with floods. However, farmers face several challenges due to CA adoption, which include: high labour demands, rainfall variability and lack of inputs. Even so, improvement in soil moisture, soil erosion control, improved food security, presence of several institutions and enabling environment offer more opportunities of CA in adapting to climate change. CA, therefore, improves the livelihoods of the farmers except in times of floods. Hence, deliberate policies, by the government, to promote adoption of CA are required to take advantage of the benefits of CA. Further; research should also be done on how best to reduce the negative effects of CA on farmers’ livelihoods.