Browsing by Author "Tunga, Nzamwita Rwambibi Theo"

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    Problems and prospects of the African land locked countries within the regional economic co-operation framework
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1990) Tunga, Nzamwita Rwambibi Theo
    The phenomenon of Land lockedness of some African countries, which has not featured very much on the agenda of academic studios stems from the fact that the countries affected, given their inland geographical position have "been made to remain land-locked with no direct access to the sea. Which has become a major outlet to the international trade system Hence many limitations have "been imposed on those African Land-locked countries (LLCS) in their efforts to overcome or rather to easen prop Jams of access to the sea. Policy makers and scholars tend to "believe that the process of regional economic cooperation in Africa can alleviate those limitations. However, the major objective of regional cooperation is to promote the common interests of member countries yet LLCS partners in the cooperation present peculiar interests not clearly defined in the cooperation arrangements. The need therefore to establish if regional cooperation in Africa in its changing pattern can alleviate limitations imposed on LLCS through various formulations of regional arrangement to promote common interests of both partners. The process of regional economic cooperation in Africa, in practical teim is based on two major approaches. The first approach is the market oriented integration, which is also refered to as the classical model, the defunct East African Community (ECA) and the preferential Trade Areas (PTA) to some extent can be categorised in that interaction approach. The second approach is intergration by projects, or the planning approach the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) and the Kagera Basim Organisation (KBO) can be categorised in that inteigration approach. Mechanisms offered by the two approaches can invariably alleviate the limitation imposed on ILCS of Africa. The more involvement of a LLC in different regional groupings based on the two approaches, the more chance for that country to solve fmotional and structural problems College of Social Sciences stemming from its land-loclcedness. But the tendency observed is that most of regional groupings have failed to achieve their intended objectives which would have in a way helped to extricate peculiar problems of 1LCS partners in the cooperation and this because of constraints the implementation of regional cooperation programmes. Unless Africa or different regional groupings in Africa become complete self-reliant markets, trade with developed countries -will still exist and the sea as means of transportation will still he needed with African land locked countries still facing problems to get easy access to the sea - coasts.