Browsing by Author "Toba, Richard Donacian"

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    Assessment of the role of enneagramme approach in leadership fit for sustainable institutional development: a case of higher education institutions in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2014) Toba, Richard Donacian
    Understanding and managing personality has become greatly important because they affect efficiency and employees ‘morale. Modern organizations still continue to witness a lot of leadership issues, which are failing organizations. Such issues include leaders failing to motivate as well as understand staff/subordinates, low productivity, increasing conflicts, excessive power to suppress queries, misuse of public funds, application of self-centred strategies, increased corruption, low attention to community problems, increasing violence, rising demonstrations and high turnover of excellent staff. Though it is known that strong leadership is required to modern organizations, yet many top executives hired today fail despite of the many efforts directed by various stakeholders to improve leadership. In the literature though a lot of studies have been conducted but they have not taken the opportunity to establish right processes to recruit right fit leaders to right positions. In this thesis, assessment of the role of enneagramme was studied to provide a framework that provides leadership fit to enhance institutional sustainability for continued growth of the institutions with focus to higher education. The study involved 12 universities with a total 140 respondents from the respective universities. The respondents who were randomly selected were interviewed using a survey questionnaire structure in Likert scale format. Both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from the survey were computed for interpretation using SPSS. In summary, the study revealed that recruitment of leadership-fit was a major challenge facing institutions of higher education as leadership-fit was a major problem in higher education institutions in Tanzania and this has continued to affect institutional growth and sustainability. The study suggested some examples of higher education institutional priority issues that could be considered when conducting institutional situational analysis for selecting position fit leaders for enhanced institutional growth and sustainability. Further, the study recommended that the proposed enneagramme based leadership fit framework to appoint best situational fit- leaders should be adopted as it may provide a long term solutions to the leadership problems faced in our modern institutions of higher education for many years. The study recommended some measures to be taken to rectify the situation. Some of the major recommendations include the following; need to review curricular and train staff on personality awareness and its effect to development; need to review curricular for secondary schools and include mandatory course on personality awareness to assist in identification of talents of young people as well as start grooming them from the right age for enhanced individual growth; need to develop and adopt procedures or processes to select leadership-fit based on issues emanating from institutional situation analysis for enhanced institutional growth and sustainability; need to develop and adopt procedures for selecting leadership-fit team with matching chemistry for enhanced institutional growth and sustainability and lastly the need for institutions to revisit and re-establish their societal vision as a basis to review relevancy of their institutional mission and vision as well as institutionalize means to recheck and monitor institutional growth and continuity through her stakeholders in a more in a sustainable manner.
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    Managing quality costs and the role of Information Technology (IT) the case of small and medium manufacturing industries in Tanzania.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2000) Toba, Richard Donacian
    Though quality is receiving lot of attention worldwide to enhance competitiveness, the situation here in Tanzania is different. Regardless of the importance attached to small and medium industries in Tanzania still the sector is the most neglected as, to date it has not been provided with an enabling environment to operate efficiently and effectively. This study has introduced some specific areas to address to increase efficiency as well as reduce operational costs for the companies to become competitive. In order to seize the opportunity of globalisation and with stand the impact of word-wide competition, companies are seeking over-increasing levels of productivity improvement and reduction of operational costs. Efficient operations, better co-ordination of functions, economies of scale, efficiencies of labour force are among the many possible means for productivity improvement and reduction of costs. Companies in Tanzania are faced with under-utilisation of capacities and high operational costs, due to a number of factors. Many companies are run without focused plans and the resources available are never utilised fully due to lack of company management vision as well as lack of company planning resulting to overall economic mismanagement. While taxes are really paid, complaints are always given by the managers that the high taxation rates are killing the local industries. Local products not only are much more expensive compared to other products from outside but are of very low quality and non-standardised. Operational costs including the overhead costs are unnecessarily too high and not even known by the SME companies in Tanzania. Since most companies have not attempted to measure quality costs, they may be virtually throwing profits out of the back door in the form of waste, rejects, idle capacities, poor skills, poor application of technology, idle workers and repairs[1][2][9]. A survey of 60 companies in Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Mwanza was made. Data on the area of quality costs as well as the number of companies available were collected from all industries visited. Relevant financial data from the companies were collected to establish ratios of the quality costs for management to see for their utmost and prompt action. From the data analysis it was established that company management in the small and medium industries lack the basic knowledge on quality costs and the role information technology could take for the enhancement of proper decision from top management. Without adequate information system, it would be difficult to manage quality costs effectively and organisations cannot be customer oriented for an assured company growth, sustainability and long term profitability. Quality costs has remained to be a new concept to be implemented in Tanzania and the companies have accepted the same as part and parcel of their day-to-day operations. The primary objective of the study has been to raise quality awareness in the area of quality costs and explore the possibility of using Information Technology (IT) in tracking the quality costs. The study has looked at the problems of managing quality-costs and the necessary strategies including application of Information Technology to strengthen quality management systems to enhance quality awareness. The study was focused mainly on SMEs given their growing importance to Tanzania and elsewhere in developing countries. Specific objectives that guided the study were: I. To develop a model relating IT, Quality Management, quality costs and industrial financial performance. II. To develop a simple computer-assisted methodology for SMEs to use in the management of quality costs. III. To establish the level of poor quality costs in Tanzania SMEs including those companies with computers; IV. To establish the number of computers available and the rate of application in solving specific quality problems in manufacturing companies in Tanzania; The following six hypothesis were tested: • HI: SME companies in Tanzania have quality costs more than 50% of their company turnover;• H2: SME companies in Tanzania spend less than 2% of the sales revenue on prevention cost activities;• H3: High levels of quality management are associated with relatively high levels of profitability; • H4: In Tanzanian SMEs less than 5% of the companies train their staff on quality issues; • H5: Less than 1 % of the companies with computer facilities have established quality costs tracking system. • H6: Higher company performance is associated with those companies with established quality cost tracking system. The study has found that the SME companies in Tanzania are spending an average of more than 50% of their company turnover as quality costs. Companies with low prevention activities/ costs have also low productivity. Training on quality issues is only done by about 18% of the companies in Tanzania but none of them had a recognised training certificate on quality. Companies with high profitability had relatively high levels of quality management. And though about 69% companies visited had computer facilities but there was a very serious underutilisation of computer facilities. As regards quality costs none of the companies interviewed had established quality cost tracking system. Companies with relatively high good quality costs had also high levels of profitability.