Browsing by Author "Shabani, Issa"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Modelling the effect of screening on the spread of HIV infection in a homogeneous population with infective immigrants
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2011) Shabani, Issa
    In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the effect of screening on the spread of HIV infection in a homogeneous population with infective immigrants. Two classes of infected populations are considered, namely; those who are infected but do not know their HIV status and those who are infected and are aware of their HIV disease status. Susceptible are assumed to become infected via sexual contacts with infectives and all infectives move with a constant rate to develop AIDS. The model is analyzed using the stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulation. The model analysis shows that screening of unaware infectives has the effect of reduc¬ing the spread of the AIDS epidemic in a homogeneous population with infective migrations. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proportion of unaware immigrants and contact rate of unaware infected individuals with susceptible, are the most sensitive parameters to decrease the incidence rate whenever detection rate is sufficiently large. Numerical simulation of the model reveals the benefits of im¬plementing screening as the basic control strategy to all individuals.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The surviving strategies for international oil companies in the upstream sector in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Shabani, Issa
    In this study, the surviving strategies for international oil companies in the upstream sector in Tanzania were examined. Specifically, the aim was to assess the operational, financial and human resources strategies that enhance the survival of international oil companies in the upstream sector. To achieve this aim, an interpretive research design was employed. It was, therefore, important that the sample size be comprised of at least five (5) international oil companies that the primary data used in this study was collected, mainly through face to face interviews. A combination of content and thematic analysis was then employed to analyze the data. It was found that, with regard to operational strategies, applying sophisticated technology, diversification, efficient process and procedures are needed. As financial strategies, credits from financial institutions, company own funds, size of the firm, as well as partnership were proposed to be effective. Human resources strategies were found to be hiring skilled labor, using experienced employees, offering training, as well as retention. However, it was revealed that these international oil companies’ survival strategies still face such challenges as improper regulatory and policies, pressure from environmentalists, limited financial capacity, limited access to resources on their own; enough skilled and experienced staff; as well as lack of safety measures among employees. Given the results above, it is recommended that the policy makers, notably respective regulatory authorities in energy, should exert enough political will to implement effectively and efficiently policies and regulations which are friendly to international oil companies surviving strategies. This is because both Tanzania and the companies need to be able to smoothly benefit from oil and gas exploration and production. The academicians should develop enough courses to supports local contents benefits in oil and gas industry especially at upstream oil sector. This will also provide solutions to the problem of lack of native skilled personnel in this sector.