Browsing by Author "Senkondo, Richard"

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    Pastoral adaptation to climate change and variability and to non-climatic factors in Simanjiro district, Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Senkondo, Richard
    The study assessed the usefulness of adaptation strategies to impacts of climate change and variability and to non- climatic factors at Terat and Ruvu-Remit villages in Simanjiro District,. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect and analyse data. Random sampling was employed to select 97 households for the survey. High –resolution rainfall and temperature datasets were used to computer and analyse temperature and rainfall climatologies and their associated trends for the period of 1983-2103. This was done using GeoClim and ENACTSMAPROOMS tools, which provided opportunities for accessing and analysing high resolution rainfall and temperature, since both tools uses satellite merged in-situ observation and thus significantly enhancing spatial coverage of data. The trend analysis results for both maximum and minimum temperature indicates a statistical significant increasing temperature, with the former being more pronounced and fast. Over the last two decades, positive temperature anomalies of between 0.50C to 20C have been depicted for maximum temperature, while minimum temperature exhibited some positive anomalies of between 0.50C to1.20C. Trend analysis in high resolution rainfall datasets indicates a declining rainfall trends across the MAM and OND seasons and on annual timescale, though the depicted trends are not statistically significant consistent to global and regional observations. Assessment of the communities’ perception on climate variability and change indicates that, majority of respondents 80.4% reported that temperature was increasing, 90.7% reported that, rainfall was decreasing. Mobility has been a dominant coping and adaptation strategy to climate change and variability and to non-climatic factors. Improved livelihoods among many, as an outcome of adaptation strategies included the construction of modern house (iron roofed) and increased food stock at household level. The chi square test showed a significant relation between gender perceptions on effectiveness of coping and adaptation strategies to both climate and non-climatic factors where person Chi-Square (X2) =10.61, N=97, degree of difference (df) =1 and p<0.001. This study concludes that sustainability of pastoralism in Terat and Ruvu-Remit villages is likely to be compromised without mobility practices. The study recommends for design and implementation of land use to minimize further encroachment of rangelands by non-pastoral activities. Scientific researches should be conducted on invasive plant species currently colonizing rangelands.