Browsing by Author "Samwel, Atupakisye"

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    Impacts of banana trade on livelihoods and land use sustainability in Tanzania: the case of Rungwe district, Mbeya Region.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2011) Samwel, Atupakisye
    This study intended to examine the impacts of banana trade on livelihoods and land use sustainability in Rungwe District. It focused on the relationship between the banana trade and peoples’ livelihoods on one hand; and between banana trade and land use sustainability on the other. Secondary data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. The primary data were collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, direct field observation and focus group discussion. A total of 175 farmers and 125 traders were interviewed and were selected by a random sampling technique. Findings show that wholesalers gain the highest profit (4,000 Tshs), followed by the middlemen (2,800 Tshs). This study also found that farmers and small traders are getting low profits (1,500 to 2,000 Tshs per bunch). This is partly because of small capital, little bargaining power due to lack of information, low production, and low production and perish ability of the product. The study indicated that banana trade has impacted on both livelihood and land use sustainability. It has resulted into increased income among the producers and traders, improved food security, housing, education and livelihood diversification, however, banana trade has increased the application of chemical fertilizers, introduction of new species, and application of herbicides and the abandonment of some crops. These could bring about soil erosion, loss of indigenous species and exhaustion of soil fertility, thus threatening the land use sustainability. It is recommended that government is very crucial in supporting both farmers and traders in their struggle to improve livelihoods. Key focus should be place on the provision of physical infrastructure, market information and supporting some training opportunities to farmers and traders. The establishment of microfinance institutions may also enhance farmers’ access to credits. Formation of strong groups and associations should be encouraged to enforce bargaining power in markets and ensure better prices and other services. Also, extension services should be provided and organic banana farming should be promoted for sustainable land use. Furthermore, favorable rural environment should be provided to encourage them establishment of NGOs and attract more foreign investors and trading companies for the provision of credit, better prices and support research and extension services.
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    Impacts of livelihoods diversification on land use management practices in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Samwel, Atupakisye
    In recent years livelihoods diversification has become one of the survival strategy for rural households in Africa. In Rungwe District, households have diversified their livelihoods activities to improve their income and food security. This study assessed impacts of livelihoods diversification on land use management practices (LMPs) in six villages, namely Kikota, Ilolo, Idweli, Ntokela, Masukulu and Ijigha of Rungwe District. The overall objective was to enhance an understanding of the impacts of livelihoods diversification on LMPs so as to contribute to existing knowledge on livelihoods diversification and LMPs and to enrich the theories that relate to the study. Methods of data collection comprised of documentary review, Remote Sensing and GIS, household interviews, focused group discussion (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), transect walks and field observation. A total of 253 households were interviewed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and Excel spreadsheet. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the impact of livelihoods diversification on LMPs while through a Chi-square test the associations between influencing factors and livelihoods activities were tested. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings were presented in various ways, including tables, graphs and maps. The study results showed that there are various livelihoods activities in the study villages such as crop cultivation, livestock keeping, trade and wage labour. Livelihoods diversification was influenced by factor like markets, climate, population, land shortages, institutions, policies, biophysical factors and livelihoods assets. LMPs like mixed cropping, continuous cultivation and flat cultivation dominated the area. The multiple regression analysis showed that livelihoods diversification had a significant impact on LMPs. Livelihoods diversification has led to the commercialisation of land, labour and food crops; changes in cropping patterns and crop composition; increased use of some LMPs;deforestation and change in land use/cover.The study concluded that despite diversity of livelihoods activities, agriculture has remained the main occupation of households in Rungwe District. Commercialisation of crops has made some food crops to be important sources of income in the area. Livelihoods diversification was found to be important not only for improving livelihoods but also for environmental conservation. Market had appeared to be a strong factor in influencing livelihoods diversification in the area.It is recommended that livelihoods activities which are environmental friendly should be encouraged. The government should provide subsidies and improve farmers’ access to farm inputs and encourage private sectors to provide financial support and make necessary inputs available close to households. Also, market conditions and transport services should be improved to enhace livelihoods diversification in rural area.
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    Impacts of Livelihoods diversification onland use management practices in Tanzania: the case of Rungwe district
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Samwel, Atupakisye
    In recent years livelihoods diversification hasbecome one of the survival strategy for rural households in Africa.In Rungwe District, households have diversified their livelihoods activities to improve their income and food security.This study assessed impacts of livelihoods diversification on land use management practices (LMPs) in six villages, namely Kikota, Ilolo, Idweli, Ntokela, Masukulu and Ijigha of Rungwe District. The overall objective was to enhance an understanding of the impacts of livelihoods diversification on LMPs so as to contribute to existing knowledge on livelihoods diversification and LMPs and to enrich the theories that relate to the study.Methods of data collection comprised of documentary review, Remote Sensing and GIS, household interviews, focused group discussion (FGDs),key informant interviews (KIIs), transect walks and field observation. A total of 253 households were interviewed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and Excel spreadsheet. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the impact of livelihoods diversification on LMPs while through a Chi-square test the associations between influencing factors and livelihoods activities were tested. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings were presented in various ways, including tables, graphs and maps.The study results showed that there are various livelihoods activities in the study villages such as crop cultivation, livestock keeping, trade and wage labour. Livelihoods diversification was influenced by factor like markets, climate, population, land shortages, institutions, policies, biophysical factors and livelihoods assets. LMPs like mixed cropping, continuous cultivation and flat cultivation dominated the area. The multiple regression analysis showed that livelihoods diversification had a significant impact on Lamps’livelihoods diversification has led to the commercialization of land, labour and food crops; changes in cropping patterns and crop composition; increased use of some LMPs; deforestationand change in land use/cover.The study concluded that despite diversity of livelihoods activities, agriculture has remained the main occupation of households in Rungwe District. Commercialisation of crops has made some food crops to be important sources of income in the area. Livelihoods diversification was found to be important not only for improving livelihoods but also for environmental conservation. Market had appeared to be a strong factor in