Browsing by Author "Rumulika, Mwangu"

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    Internal and external constraints on national liberation process in Tanzania 1961-1985.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1986) Rumulika, Mwangu
    This is a study of internal and external constraints on Tanzania's national liberation process. It shows the national and international factors that have conditioned liberation and limited the degree of its attainment. National liberation is a process of setting the nation free from constraints. It is realized as exercise of freedom and increasing capacity to solve/control constraints internal and external at the political, social, cultural, economic scientific and technical levels of life. Constraints exist internally in the form of such factors as low level of development, socio-political set-up and natural economic endowments. These are externally reinforced by colonial legacy, neocolonialism and imperialism in administrative structures, in agricultural and industrial production, and in trade and aid terms. The study shows the extent to which Tanzania has achieved national liberation as self-determination, self-reliant, self-sustaining growth and development by controlling constraints at two major dimensions. At the socio-political dimension it is indicated, first, by the level of control of decision and pursuit of national policy in assisting liberation movements, participation in political alignments, and in managing the impact of classes; and, second, by the level of control on socio-cultural influences through the national ethic, institutional network, development of nationalist leadership, popular control and socio-cultural interdependence. At the techno-economic dimension the extent of Tanzania's liberation is indicated by, firstly, the degree of Tanzania's control on foreign economic relations through diversification of trade and aid and management of conflicts and negotiations; secondly, the extent to which Tanzania's agricultural strategy has promoted broad-based growth and development; thirdly, the degree to which Tanzania's industrial strategy has broken external exploitation of industrial enterprises and promoted higher and self sustained development; and fourthly, the extent to which Tanzania's scientific and technical strategy has achieved national self-sufficiency in skilled manpower. On the whole Tanzania has experienced formidable problems in the effort to break the constraints on its liberation. Tanzania has given notable support to liberation movements inside and outside Africa, and has made great strides internally in extending socioeconomic services to the majority of the people. But there has been increasing dependence on external development finance and technical assistance in most sectors, and supervision of the implementation of decisions has remained weak. This has increased national indebtedness, impaired local capital formation and technological innovation, satisfaction of local needs and hence liberation as self-determining, self-reliant, self-sustaining growth and development. The study suggests some strategic changes that could improve the situation