Browsing by Author "Nyoni, Joyce Elzear"

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    Development approaches and women economic empowerment: a case study of Finnish Development Aid in Lindi and Mtwara regions, Tanzania.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1998) Nyoni, Joyce Elzear
    The study examines donor agencies development approaches with special attention to the impact of Finnish aid on women. In 1976 when the United Nations (UN) declared a decade for women and development deliberate efforts were made to ensure that women concerns were included in the development process. FINNIDA clearly stipulates that the goal of the development co-operation is to raise the status of women and to increase their opportunities to participate and influence decision. The study focus is on Lindi and Mtwara regions. FINNIDA and other donors have been involved in the two regions for over twenty years. They are all working at alleviating poverty, yet the two regions are characterized as the least developed regions in the country. Poverty is widespread and women are the most affected. We believe that development approaches should focus more on the human agency rather than the structures. Our research has revealed the significance of understanding social dynamics in any development process. It is important that development programmes that address women issues should consider the social dynamics. Our argument is that development takes place within certain conditions, which change from time to time and need to be taken into account. The study is presented in five chapters. Chapter one provides background information about the problem under discussion with a view to underscore the objective of the study. Chapter two reviews the available literature on aid, development approaches and women advancement. Methodological issues and data collection techniques are discussed in chapter three. Chapter four presents the study findings. Chapter five, which is the final chapter, provides a summary, concluding remarks and recommendations.
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    Dynamics in HIV/AIDS communication interventions: a case study of the Datoga speaking people in Hanang and Mbulu districts, Northern Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2008) Nyoni, Joyce Elzear
    This study grasps the dynamics at work in the encounters between HIV/AIDS prevention messages and local contextual variables among the Datoga speaking people of northern Tanzania. Our interest is on how the Datoga construct sense out of the messages they receive through ongoing HIV/AIDS communication interventions. We discuss how the social reality of the Datoga, their past experiences, socialization, taboos, religion, values and beliefs influence the meaning-making process, interpretation and use of HTV information for their own protection. Our research findings show that there is a crisis of meaning between the intervention designers and their Datoga audiences, in ways in which they both talk about HIV/AIDS, its transmission and prevention. The Datoga bring in a multiplicity of meanings informed by the prevailing social discourses within the context of their social and cultural lifestyle when they engage in their construction of HIV/AIDS and prevention options advocated to them. Our discussion has unveiled that messages in any communication process cannot be viewed as universally comprehensible, since people interpret and make sense of the meanings attached to the messages assisted by the prevalent discourses in their societies and their own life experiences. We argue that HIV/AIDS communication interventions should not be based on the assumptions that social reality has an objective ontological structure and that individuals are responding to this objective environment. The argument offered is that indigenous forms of thinking should be acknowledged, since it is through these forms of thinking that people give meaning to different experience. Hence, interventions need to put more emphasis on addressing contextual variables and the meaning-making process of their audiences.