Browsing by Author "Nguluma, Alexander Thomas"

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    The role of law in the development of science and technology, related policies and strategies in post-independence Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1990) Nguluma, Alexander Thomas
    The role that law may play, and the form it may take, in the development of science and technology and the formulation of strategies relating thereto. In any society; and Tanzania in particular, is an area which has of date not received satisfactory attention in legal studies. Yet science and technology advance has assumed a central position in the development and transformation of socio-economic systems, particularly since the birth of the capitalist mode of production. In recent years intensive research efforts have been directed towards examining the character, efficacy and limitations of domestic and international legal regimes, and various legal relations affecting economic activity. The specific areas which have attracted considerable attention and controversy include intellectual property laws; international technology transfer agreements such as technology licensing agreements; management and technical services agreements, turn-key contracts, consultancy agreements, marketing and distributorship agreements etc., and foreign direct investment laws. No attempt has been made to study and synthesize the various laws relating to science and technology development or to establish the relationship between law, science and technology and the overall socio-economic development: This work is an attempt to investigate into legal and operational rules associated with scientific and technological advance with particular reference to post-independent mainland Tanzania (1961 -1990) employing the dialectical materialism method, it is intended to unveil and evaluate the legal regimes, both domestic and international, and their underlying socio-economic conditions, essential for the emergence, growth and transfer of scientific and technological capacities. These include foreign direct and private investment regulatory regimes, domestic and international patent systems, the regulation of scientific and technological institutions; their operational rules, procedures and practices, and efforts by international institutions, such as UNCTAD, WIPO and UNCTC, to regulate international technology transfer. Cross-fertilization of the author's ideas with concepts of researchers in various disciplines is employed throughout this work. Case studies are also referred to, to elaborate the arguments and theories advanced by the author in support of; or in contrast with, other researchers. On the basis of the study, it is observed that law figs an important role to play in the development of science and technology policies and strategies in Tanzania; as elsewhere in the world community. However, it is emphasised that in the case of Tanzania; the need arises for long term transformation of the social relations of production and distribution. This should involve the enforcement, to the fullest extent; of relevant existing laws, and the formulation of new legal regulations and arrangements, if the country is to develop self-generating scientific and technological capacities within a foreseeable future. On the basis of the foregoing, it is hoped that this thesis will make a contribution towards the understanding of the relationship between science and technology development and related laws; and stimulate further research in the area.
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    The Tanzania law of evidence: historical and social-economic context
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1979) Nguluma, Alexander Thomas