Browsing by Author "Ndatiye, Ndatiye William"

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    Activated carbon based on borassus aethiopum (palm) shells, hulls, kernels and fruits for Removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol from water
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Ndatiye, Ndatiye William
    This study aimed at developing activated carbons from Bora5sus aethiopum Shells (BaS), Hulls (BaH), Kernels (BaK) and Fruits (BaF) for removing harmful phenol (Ph) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) from water. The preparation of the activated carbons involved carbonization of the starting materials at 500 "C followed chemical activation at 600 °C using 0.5 M H3PO4 acid. The prepared activated carbons were found to be mesoporous having pore sizes and surface areas in the range of 3.2 to 3.5 nm and 644 to 740 m28-1, respectively. The moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon were found to be in the range of 1.5 to 3.2'0, 1.7 to 7.2°°, 5.7 to 8.2°o and 85.4 to 91.1%. Respectively. TGA analysis showed that the prepared activated carbons can be applied in the batch solution with a temperature not greater than 500 °C. Adsorption studies showed that the adsorption of 50 mL of 100 mg Ph and 2-CP is favourable using an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g and a contact time of 6 hours. On the other hand, the batch solution pH of 8 and 6 favoured the adsorption of Ph and 2-CP, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption of the fore mention adsorbates strong).depended on their initial concentrations and temperature of the batch solution. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms fitted into both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but the Freundlich adsorption model was found to have the highest regression value, hence the best fit. The values of Gibbs free energy, AG obtained in the thermodynamic studies were in the range of —0.09 to— 8.79 kJ molls; indicating that the adsorption is physical in nature. Therefore, it can be concluded that Borussia aethiopurn shells, hulls, kernels and fruits, with hulls being the best over others can be used to develop activated carbon for the removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol from water under optimum condition of 28 (12, 50 mL of 100 mg Ph and 2-CP initial concentration and 6 hrs contact time.