Browsing by Author "Ndanu, Joseph"

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    Antimycobacterial metabolites from the leaves of toussaint1a orientalis and associated endophytic
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2016) Ndanu, Joseph
    This dissertation reports on chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic and spectrometric structure determination of a steroid and fatty acid from endophytic fungus and cinnamoyltetraketides derivatives from the leaves of Toussantia orientalis Verde. It also reports the in vitro antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and pure compounds obtained from endophytic fungal strain and methanol extract of T. orientalis leaves. The bioassays were carried out against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two non-pathogenic Mycobacterium strains namely, Mycobacterium indie us pranii (MIP) and M. madagascariense (MM). Preliminary cytotoxicity of the extracts and pure compounds were evaluated against brine shrimp leach larvae (Artemia salina). The ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi strains, black and brown mycelia exhibited antimycobacterial activities against MIP and MM at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Extract from white mycelia exhibited lower antimycobacteial activities against MM and MIP at MIC values of 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf extract of T. orientalis exhibited activities at MIC value 1.25 mg/mL for both MIP and MM. P- Sitosterol (78) from the endophytic fungus and trans 1 toussantine E (84) from the leaves of T. orientalis exhibited antimycobacterial activities against MIP and MM with MIC values of 0.1562 and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively. The compounds toussantine C (82), trans- toussantine E (84), cis- toussaintine E (97), toussaintine F (98) and toussaintine G (99) from T. orientalis showed activity on M. tuberculosis with MIC ranging from 83.3-96.9 jiM. The results obtained in these investigations indicate the plant species to accumulate different metabolites from those produced by their endophytic fungi.