Browsing by Author "Lukio, Emanuel"

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    Assessment of groundwater use as climate change adaptation strategy. a case study of Mwanga and Moshi district Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2013) Lukio, Emanuel
    Groundwater use is among climate change options available in many places today due to decrease in rainfall and surface water resources. However, very little is known on its effectiveness for climate change adaptation. This study examined how groundwater is used in adapting to climate change in Mwanga and Moshi rural districts. It employed a number of methodological approaches. Primarily, this study was based on field survey information and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Interviews with members of various institutions were conducted in Moshi Rural and Mwanga on a preliminary survey and during actual field work. Questionnaire were administered in 125 households which forms the 10% of the households in the study villages while total of 4 key informants were interviewed and 21 people were involved in various FGDs. Random and systematic sampling was used to obtain the 10% of the respondents for household questionnaires and purposefully sampling was used to obtain respondents for focus group discussions and interviews in each study village. This study shows that climate change has led to decreased surface water resources in Mwanga and Moshi rural districts, which puts life in the area at stake by increasing vulnerability to environmental disasters and reduced food production. This has necessitated adaptation strategies which include sustainable use of groundwater to supplement the gap of the decreased surface water resources to increase food production and domestic water supply. Various existing climate change adaptation strategies are notably used by local communities such as irrigation by using groundwater, changing planting seasons among others. The available groundwater is enough and of considerable quality to be used in and to support climate change mechanisms. It can be concluded that, the use of groundwater has thrived to diminish water shortage in the area through increased domestic water supply and sanitation water supply. Groundwater has helped to advocate people’s livelihood from climate change impacts. Therefore, this study recommends that groundwater usage should be incorporated into government plans because of its ability to sustain livelihoods in this changing climate.
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    Energy sources and uses in Tanzania’s Moshi rural district, 1940s - 2010
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2017) Lukio, Emanuel
    This dissertation examines the forces that influenced changes in the sources and uses of energy in Moshi Rural District from the 1940s to 2010. It also examines the ways in which those changes affected the local communities in the District. The study used a qualitative approach, integrating information from oral and written sources. The findings revealed that in the late 1930s the British colonial administration introduced forest regulations which denied local people in Moshi Rural District access to wood fuel from them. This led to a decline in the availability of wood fuel in the District especially from the 1940s. The decline continued through the post-colonial period due to the implementation of development initiatives which did not give priority to ensuring the availability of fuel. Other sources of energy that were used in the colonial and early post-colonial periods were kerosene and electricity. The supply of these sources increased notably in the 1960s and 1970s, but this trend changed later following the world oil crisis of the 1970s. Other changes, which occurred in the context of the economic hardships that came with the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programs in the 1990s included commercialization of wood fuel, increased cost of electricity and kerosene, introduction of improved cooking stoves and the use of solar energy and crop residues. Our general argument is that these changes were influenced by many drivers that emanated from within local communities as well as from national and global contexts; and that they affected the lives of people in Moshi Rural District in various ways.