Browsing by Author "Kitigwa, Miraji Masudi"

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    Economic relations between Tanzania and post-apartheid South Africa: a case of Illovo Sugar Groups Acquisition of Kilombero Sugar Company
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2002) Kitigwa, Miraji Masudi
    This study begins as an inquiry into the new economic relations between Tanzania and post South Africa since free market economy was formally introduced in Tanzania in the early 1990s. we attempt to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) from South Africa on Tanzania’s economic, political and social spheres. We also investigate the relationship between (TNCs) from South Africa that operate in Tanzania multinational corporations (MNCs) from Northern developed countries . We find that African more powerful than Tanzania in all aspects, thus the two can hardly bargain equally. In this bilateral relationship Tanzania plays a role of an absolute loser to South Africa and other Northern capitalists have find that South African TNC operations in Tanzania intensify unemployment, exploitation of the poor by the rich, social stratification and racial segregat ion, uncertainty, political unrest and hostility. Again, TNCs show a tendency of grabbing policing power from the government of the hosting state, and hence undermine the hosting state's self-determination. Generally, we discover that TNCs are profit-seeking firms par excellence, irrespective of the hosting states• interests. Furthermore, we learn that TNCs from South Africa are mere subsidiaries of MNCs of the capitalist countries of the North. We therefore emphasize the global reach theory as relevant in contemporary transnational relations between the less developed and the more developed economies. Hence we caution states in developing economies to handle TNCs from developed countries with extract if they are to improve their conditions.
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    State responses to terrorism among east African countries from the 1990s to 2015: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Kitigwa, Miraji Masudi
    Present-day terrorism is deemed by some statesmen, scholars, and lawyers to be a global problem requiring global response. It is thought that the fight against terrorism cannot be won by unlilateral state action; that it requires countries across the world to cooperate and embrace similar measures. Several international, regional, and national legislations have been enacted against terrorism, most of which require all states to cooperate in combating it. In view of such calls and enactments, this study investigates and analyzes the various state perceptions of, and responses to, terrorism in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and their implications thereof. Anchored on the neorealist-cum-social constructivist theoretical foundations, the study employs predominantly qualitative techniques to obtain expert opinion on the subject matter from the administrative cities of the three countries, and uses narrative, explanatory, and descriptive analysis to provide an understanding of state responses to terrorism in the sub-region. Acquiring data from both secondary and primary sources, the study unearths the differing conceptions of, and responses to, terrorism; draws the pattern of state responses to terrorism; and predicts the future of the ‘global war on terror’ using the eyes of the state in the three selected East African countries. The findings demonstrate that, a propensity has taken root amongst state authorities to deem alleged terrorists as not ordinary criminals but political offenders; and thus counterterrorism measures are infused with political and emotional charges. Accordingly, states frequently resort to fighting terrorism with varied goals in mind. Hence each of the three countries has been taking different measures at different times against different purported terrorists and terrorist groups. For example, while Kenya and Uganda have at different times and goals resorted to militarized approach against al-Shabaab in Somalia, Tanzania has remained silent on the matter. Besides, the study finds that excessive application of military means to counter terrorism results in negative outcomes on the responding states. It hence recommends for the exploitation by states in East Africa of non-military methods to end or reduce threats of terrorism. Education and job creation are key elements in the fight against poverty, which will consequently eliminate the breading nests for terrorism.