Browsing by Author "Kigume, Ramadhani Abdallah"

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    Decentralisation and health services delivery in Tanzania: analysis of decision space and organizational capacities.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Kigume, Ramadhani Abdallah
    While decentralisation of health systems has been on the policy agenda in low‐income and middle‐income countries since the 1970s, many studies have focused on understanding who has more decision‐making powers but less attention is paid to understand what those powers encompass. Using the decision space approach, this study aimed to understand the amount of decision‐making space transferred from the central government to institutions at the periphery in the decentralised health system in Tanzania. The study also investigated the variations in actual use of decision-making by district health managers and how organizational capacities influence the use of decision space available in the decentralised health system. In-depth interviews were conducted with the Ministry officials, Regional Health Management Teams, District Executive Directors, District Planning officials, Council Health Management Teams, and Health facility officials. In addition, focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Ward Councilors. Lastly, relevant policy documents and guidelines were reviewed. Data were analyzed using Thematic Approach. The study found that decentralisation process in Tanzania has granted local level authorities with a range of decision-making space to be utilised. In the areas of priority setting and planning, human resource utilisation and management, services delivery, and governance, district health authorities had moderate decision making space. In the financial resource allocation and expenditure of funds from the central government, the districts had narrow decision making space. The districts, nevertheless, had wide decisions making space in mobilizing and using locally generated financial resources. However, within the decentralised health systems in Tanzania, some districts were able to make effective use of the range of choices they were formally granted by the central government while others were unaware of the range of choices they could utilise. However, the ability of the districts to allocate and use locally generated resources was constrained by the limited financial resources and bureaucratic procedures of the central government, particularly in the procurement of medicines and medical supplies. In addition, the ability of the community members to participate in planning, priority setting and governance of the district health system was constrained by limited capacity in terms of knowledge and skills. The study recommends that the central government should provide more space to the decentralised district health systems to incorporate locally defined priorities in the district health plans. Also the central government should reduce bureaucratic procedures required to disburse funds to district councils. Further, the district councils and the Ministry of Health should strengthen capacities of health service providers and members of health committees and boards. Lastly, in order for the decentralized health system entities to make better use of the available decision space, there is a need to forge sustainable partnerships with other key actors in the district.
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    Syllable structure in kingindo
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2010) Kigume, Ramadhani Abdallah
    This study describes the syllable structure of Kingindo taking Kimagingo variety as a Case Study using the theory of Metrical Phonology. Very few studies on Kingindo language have so far been done. Therefore, this study is done so as to fill the gap of knowledge caused by scarce written linguistic materials of Kingindo, Kimagingo variety in particular. In studying the Syllable structure of Kingindo language; this study employs four data collection techniques, namely Observation and Listening, Questionnaire, Documentary Review and Interviews. The findings of this study show that Kingindo, Kimagingo variety in particular, allows nine syllable patterns which are divided into two parts the first being those with a light syllabic structure and second those with a heavy syllabic structure. The findings also reveal that there are different phonological processes that affect the structure of Kimagingo syllables. These processes, for example, Homorganic Nasal Assimilation are natural, in that they operate in order to conform to the phonetic system of the language. Other processes, for example, Vowel Deletion take place in order to conform to the sequential constraints of the language. In fact, these phonological processes are governed by rules. The Kimagingo syllables are based on a vowel, typically the nucleus of the syllable (open syllables).A recommendation for further areas of study would be the phonology of the language, particularly the relationship between syllable structure and tone of the language and aspects of suprasegmental phonology (stress, duration (lengthening), rhythm, intonation etc). This study is a description of Kingindo syllables with reference to only one variety, Kimagingo. There is a need to study other Kingindo variety too for comparative purposes.
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    Unraveling the dynamics of Tanzania’s ports cargo clearing system: is it corruption?
    (University of Dar es Salaam,, 2012) Kigume, Ramadhani Abdallah
    This study sets to unravel the dynamics of Tanzania's ports cargo clearing system; taking the Dar es Salaam port as a case study. The study specifically investigates the extent to which the claim of corruption is or is not valid. The study investigated three main areas of interest; cargo clearance service delivery, cargo clearance laws and procedures and personnel involved in the cargo clearance process. In unraveling Tanzania's port clearing systems, theories of Democratic Governance and of the Moral Economy of Corruption were employed. The data for this study were collected from Tanzania Revenue Authority and Tanzania Port Authority. Further information was obtained from clients, clearing agents and Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau located in Dar es Salaam Region. The studies composed of 180 respondents. The methodology underpinning the study draws on qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study based on the data collected through questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions, documentary search and text analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed based on their themes while quantitative data were processed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found out that corruption existed in car cargo clearance services delivered at the Dar es Salaam port. The evidence indicated that officials involved use delays and overvaluation as strategies to solicit corrupt deals. Also pressure from the clients to expedite the clearance of their cars from the port without following the stipulated laws and procedures induced corruption in the cargo clearance process. The study also found out that there was lack of understanding of cargo clearance laws and procedures among stakeholders involved in cargo clearance process. Evidence indicated that the ignorance was more pronounced among clearing agents and clients. Furthermore, there were insufficient and unqualified personnel to handle day to day clearance responsibilities. This was more observable in the Tanzania Port Authority, Tanzania Revenue Authority and clearing agents' chambers. Generally, the findings have shown that existence of corruption in cargo clearance at the Dar es Salaam port is motivated by personal ambitions of the officials to get illicit wealth and lack of democratic governance. The study recommends that in order to fight corruption and improve car clearance service delivery at the Dar es Salaam port, there is need to promote democratic governance, the role of the media along cargo clearing processes and develop a single window system. Secondly, efforts should be made to develop programmes in order to enhance public awareness regarding clearance laws and procedures to reduce late submission of documentation and avoid tax evasion and cargo clearance delays.