Browsing by Author "Kassimu, Hadija"

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    Do institutions matter? Examination of institutions for implementing policies for HIV prevention in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2016) Kassimu, Hadija
    HIV and AIDS have been catastrophic for decades forcing massive response from governments across the world. This work researched on the institutions for implementing policies for HIV prevention in Tanzania. It was designed to explain why HIV prevention services are producing contrasting results across regions in Tanzania. Specifically, three sampled cases were used for the purposes of this study: low HIV prevalence case (Dodoma region), high HIV Prevalence case (Njombe region) and high to low to “reversing” HIV prevalence case (Kagera region). The study employed institutionalism as a frame for analysis. Moreover the study relied largely on qualitative methods for data collection and analysis. The findings of the study show that the performance of the institutions with regards to the implementation of policy for HIV prevention is poor mainly owing to weak institutional configuration and linkage both vertically and horizontally causing major inconsistencies, gaps and omissions. Furthermore, the enforcement of institutions is constrained by growing clashes between the formal and formal rules on one hand and between formal and informal rules on the other hand leading to unfavourable conditions which in turn affects people’s acceptance attitude towards HIV prevention services. In addition to that, performance of the institutions is constrained by limited capacity indicated by shortages of human, financial and infrastructural resources. The study recommends harmonization of institutions for implementation of policy for HIV prevention.This will remove omissions, inconsistencies and gaps that have left some groups vulnerable to HIV. Furthermore, the government should ensure that there is adequate distribution and sustainability of resources for HIV prevention services, which consider specific demands of respective target populations.
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    Parliamentary budgetary control in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2010) Kassimu, Hadija
    This study focused on Parliamentary Budgetary control in Tanzania. It is designed to examine the extent to which the government is really accountable to parliament. In this study, the budgetary process was used to examine the extent to which government is accountable to the people through their representatives, the applicability of the Doctrine of Separation Powers; and the Principle of Checks and Balances in Tanzania. The study employed various techniques for data collection. It involved interviews and questionnaires. The study revealed that, the application of the doctrine of separation of powers and the principle of checks and balance in Tanzania is blurred. While the constitution has placed the supervisory and legislative powers in the parliament, however, it is has no power with regards to legislation over money bills. Parliament can neither make any changes on the budget proposal; nor can it reject it as a whole for fear of dissolution, since rejection is equated as a vote of no confidence. Basing on the data which was collected for this study, the study makes one major conclusion. The assumption that the adoption of multiparty politics would have strengthened parliament’s role in holding the government accountable by promoting the doctrine of separation of powers and principle of checks and balances in Tanzania needs to be revisited. Despite the fact it is now more than 15 years after the re-introduction of multipartism in Tanzania. The executive to a greater extent is vested with enormous powers and was very evidently from the study that parliament was, in fact, still subordinated by the government. The parliament in Tanzania is unable to exercise control over the government in the budgetary process. The study recommends that major constitutional changes be made to reduce the powers of the executives through the President. Particularly the study proposes for repeal of Article 99 of the constitution, which prohibits parliament and its committees from making any changes in the government’s proposals. In strengthening the practices of the doctrine of separation of powers and the principle of checks and balances in Tanzania, the study recommends for repeal of Article 55(4), which requires the President to appoint ministers and regional commissioners from within the parliament. Equally, changes are also suggested to Article 66(1), which allows the President to appoint regional commissioners from among parliamentarians. Such changes will reduce government’s influence in the parliament.