Browsing by Author "Kanyawana, Khasim S."

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    Reuse of sodium hydroxide solution in a modified Beckmann method of treating low quality roughages
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1979) Kanyawana, Khasim S.
    A modified bechmann method to investigate the effect of three NaOH treatment rates of 5, 10 and 15 percent NaOH of the straw and three treatment volumes of 5, 10 and 15 1 of treatment solution per kg of wheat straw in three replenishments i.e. fresh solution (FS), first replenished solution (RSI) and second replenished solution (RS2) was designed. The experimental design was a 3×3×3 factorial experiment with two replicates. In vivo experiments were confined to the 5 and 10 percent NaOH treatment rates and the 10 1 volume treatment. Straw batches were pretreated with 15 1 water for 2 hours prior to treatment with NaOH solutions. The RSI and RS2 batches were successively pretreated twice for the same time with washing effluents resulting from preceeding batch washings. The washings of the products were done successively twice after 5 hours of treatment. The 1 kg samples absorbed an average of 3.6 kg of effluents after NaOH treatment and washing but it was also evident that the straw absorbed more solution with increasing treatment volume. Replenishments produced small differences in chemical composition except the CWC which decreased with replenishments. The 5, 10 and 15 percent NaOH rates produced in vitro OM digestibilitis of the order of 51.9, 60.1 and 66.4 percent, respectively. The effect of volume was slight and the in vitro OM digestibilities were 58.7, 60.2 and 61.3 percent for the 5 1, 10 1 and 15 1 treatments. The in vitro OM digestibility for the untreated straw was 29.3 percent. Six groups of adult Black Headed Persian sheep each having 3 animals were assigned to a 2×3 factorial experiment comprised of 5 and 10 percent NaOH treatments solutons. The in vivo digestibility was 47.2, 57.0 and 67.4 percent for unteated straw, 5 percent NaOH and 10 percent NaOH treated straws. The CWC digestibility increased from 37.4 percent in untreated straw to 57.1 and 70.5 percent for the 5 percent and 10 percent NaOH treatments, respectively. The trends for IM and CWC digestibility were similar. Replenishments of NaOH solutions did not affect the IM, OM, and CWC digestibility. The 10 percent NaOH rate increased the voluntary feed intake by 34.8 percent as compared to 5.1 percent for the 5 percent rate. The 5 percent NaOH rate RS2 materials had a decreased intake of 13.0 percent from that of untreated straw. The method could find practical application with other low quality roughages under Tanzanian conditions.