Browsing by Author "Joseph, Neema"

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    Determination of available water and suitable crops for the potential land upstream of Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir in Pangani basin
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2001) Joseph, Neema
    This study was carried out aiming at determining the suitable crops that can be grown in the upstream catchments of Pangani basin based on the available water so that the downstream demand especially for power production can be met. The amount of water that could be flowing into the reservoir without irrigation abstractions was estimated using Linear Perturbation model. The amount of water that could be safely abstracted upstream without affecting the supply downstream was then estimated by deducting the downstream firm demand and reservoir evaporation from the output of the model. Estimation of the reservoir evaporation was done using Morton’s complimentary relationship. Irrigation water requirement for the existing crops in the area was estimated using the Penman Monteith equation, which is incorporated in the FAO program for irrigation management, and planning known as CROPWAT. The comparison between the present demand and the estimated available water in the area indicated that the estimated available water could not meet the present demand in the area. An attempt was then made to see if by varying the areas occupied by the existing crops the demand could be met. The results obtained indicated that, the demand could not be met. Other suitable crops for the area were determined using the procedure proposed by FAO. Among the selected crops sorghum and wheat were proposed instead of rice and sugarcane and it was found that, with these crops the demand downstream can be met.
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    Determination of electrical energy loss from reservoirs through evaporation case study of Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Joseph, Neema
    This study was conducted at Nyumba Ya Mungu (NYM) hydropower plant reservoir in order to determine the amount of electrical energy loss as a result of water loss through evaporation. The study started by measuring the evaporation parameters using weather station WXT520 instrument and fabricating a Class A evaporation pan, for direct evaporation measurements. Indirect evaporation estimation was done by using model equations utilizing evaporation parameter values. The study indicated the average air temperature of 26.910C, wind speed of 4.54m/s, relative humidity of 62.389 % with air pressure of 929.72 Hpa and solar radiation of 230.467W/m2 for five (5) months on water surface at NYM hydropower reservoir. Also the correlation linear model equation was developed between evaporation values collected on water surface with evaporation values collected off shore surrounding the reservoir as a dependant variable. It was indicated a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.79. The values of evaporation rate estimated was ranged from 170.8 mm/month being the lowest to 255.6mm/month as the highest, with the average of 218.6 mm/month. The results indicated the electrical energy loss from NYM hydropower plant reservoir to be11,551.4 MWh with an average monthly water loss of 46,555,850.3mm/month. Therefore, the researcher recommends regular measurement of evaporation parameters, calibration and validation of the correlation model developed at NYM hydropower plant.
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    Financing higher education: perspectives and challenges.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2014) Joseph, Neema
    This study examined the relationship between enrolment and financing in higher education. In particular it assessed the relationship between public financing in higher education and universities enrolment and analysed the rate of loan recovery by HESLB. The study employed cointegration technique to assess the existence of long run relationship among variables and descriptive analysis for examining the rate of loan recovering and its contribution to the loan funds. The study used secondary annual time series data from 1980 to 2011 and data for loan recovery from 2006 to 2012. Findings of the study are that there is a positive relationship between enrolment and public financing in higher education. This means that the rate of enrolment to various universities does not occur on itself but it depends on the public financing, where 1 percent increase in public financing leads to 0.13 percent increase in university enrolment. The descriptive analysis for loan recovery reveals that HESLB is not performing well in recovering loans from the past beneficiaries. Findings show that annually on average HESLB recovers 1.8 percent of the total loan given to students since 1994 to 2012 which is very small compared to total demand of students who want loans. Hence, this hinders the process of creating a revolving fund so as to have a self-financing board. Therefore, these results imply that policy makers should make effort towards increasing public spending on higher education, employing efficient methods that ensure high rate of recovering loans and also finding other alternative sources of financing so as to reduce the financing pressure. Among the suggested sources are private sector supports like banks, donors’ support, mobilizing funds from universities’ alumni, encouraging saving by parents for their children and widening the tax base like introducing education levy.