Browsing by Author "John, Julius"

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    Informal sector and government interventions: the case of women street vendors at Ubungo, Dar es Salaam
    (Unversity of Dar es Salaam, 2008) John, Julius
    The study aimed at investigating the informal sector and government interventions: The case of women street vendors at Ubungo in Dar es Salaam. The study found various reasons that women decide to engage in street vending, government attitudes towards women street vendors and challenges facing women street vending. The economic crisis has changed the role of women in the household economy. Women have been forced to enter the informal sector. On one way it has over burned them and on the other it has been a way of empowering them. The method of data collection that was involved included documentary reviews, observations method and interviews. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to women street vendors. The study found that women dominate street vending due to limited economic opportunities, and vend as a means of supporting their household and dependants. By vending they can meet daily family needs, but street vendors are not recognized by authorities street vendors are looked by authorities as a problem and efforts to address the problem is to remove them. Rather than looking at street vending as a problem. It is recommended that street vending should be treated as a resource because there are benefits that accrue to the local government, the formal sector traders, city residents and participants in the production and consumption chain. It is further recommended that business vitality that street vendors bring to the city is an important asset that needs to be recognized by authorities.
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    Noun phrase structure in Shimwela
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2010) John, Julius
    This is a descriptive study which intends to analyze the structure of noun phrases in Shimwela. Data for the present study were collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions, unstructured interviews and documentary reviews. The sample, which was deliberately selected, constituted four informants who were competent in Shimwela. The collected data were then analyzed by using a thematic analysis approach whereby major concepts of the study were obtained and described. The findings have revealed that while some elements occupy fixed positions in the Shimwela NP, others are flexible. Elements which occupy fixed positions include demonstratives, distributives, possessives, intensifiers, and interrogatives. The demonstratives and the distributives strictly occur at the pre-head position, while the possessives occur immediately after the head noun. Also, the intensifiers occur after the adjectives they intensify, while the interrogatives and parts of the demonstratives occur at the end of NP. Elements which are flexible include numerals, quantifiers, adjectives, relative constructions and associative constructions. These may exchange positions in the slot between the possessive and the demonstrative particle or interrogative. The highest limit of dependents in Shimwela NP is six but in ordinary speech the normal load seems to be four, with demonstratives and possessives appearing as the most frequently occurring dependents. To solve the problem of agreement with conjoined NPs, several strategies are employed by Shimwela speakers. These include the use of the corresponding plural class, the use of class 2 prefix, the use of class 8 prefix, as well as the use of the noun class prefix of the first noun to be mentioned.