Browsing by Author "Haulle, Evaristo"

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    Assessment of communities` coping mechanisms to geodisasters in the vicinity of Oldoinyo lengai, northern Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2015) Haulle, Evaristo
    This study aimed at assessing communities` coping mechanisms to geodisasters in the vicinity of Oldoinyo Lengai in northern Tanzania. It employed the access model to explain the occurrence of disasters as a process in holistic way. The study employed documentary search, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions, observation and measurements and semi structured questionnaire for data capture. It was found out that the local communities had vast knowledge through which disaster risk and vulnerability were understood and classified. It was noted that the disaster is caused by human malpractice against other human beings or God. There were normal eruptions that acted as manure for pastures and pesticides that saved cattle from pests. Abnormal eruption led to loss of human life, injuries and displacement of people internally, death of livestock and wild animals, destruction of pastures, water bodies, pollution and change of the landscape configuration. The communities learnt the processes of Oldoinyo Lengai ecosystem and foresee the disasters. The knowledge was either obtained from the Olaibons who were able to decode the message from God or tales that have been spread and shared from one generation to the other. The intervention measures by the state that included zoning, cessation of Nayobi and provision of rescue and relief laws and orders were not well coordinated, partial and unsustainable. Generally, the communities` coping mechanisms are insufficient with limited access to resources and power that could reduce community vulnerability. It is therefore recommended that government needs to learn the community technology and develop mutual system of coping by establishing appropriate institutions for mitigation and preparedness.
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    The role of traditional environmental knowledge systems in earthquake disaster management in Ludewa district
    (university of Dar es Salaam, 2007) Haulle, Evaristo
    This study explored the role of traditional environmental knowledge systems in earthquake disaster management in Ludewa district in Tanzania. The study employed the Disaster Crunch model as conceptual framework that explains the occurrence of disasters in holistic way. Various methods were employed in collection of data such as semi structured questionnaire, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), public hearings and field observations. It was found out that the local communities had vast knowledge through which disaster risk and vulnerability were reduced. The communities were aware of the earthquake as they identified it by their local/ tribal names. They also were capable to identify tsunami in the Lake Nyasa that caused the widespread destruction of resources and malfunctioning of the society. The local communities had their own mechanisms to withstand the quakes. The mechanisms were structural designs that included construction of wide and short wall houses. Non structural measures were spatial allocation of houses guided by traditions in the same way they were relatively safe from tremors. It was found out that the activities in post disaster phase were weak compared to the pre disaster phase. It was also found that TEKS was better established in the area than Modern Environmental Knowledge Systems (MEKS). The latter was also observed to be unable to compliment TEKS in disaster planning and management as a whole. It was concluded that TEKS played an important role in reducing the community vulnerability and risk to the earthquake disaster in spite of being ignored by MEKS. It was recommended that a bottom-up cum top-down approach that intricately integrates available TEKS and MEKS is capable of reducing the risk and vulnerability to disasters and promoting sustainable development.
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    The role of traditional environmental knowledge systems in earthquake disaster management in ludewa district, Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2007) Haulle, Evaristo
    This study explored the role of traditional environmental knowledge systems in earthquake disaster management in Ludewa district in Tanzania. The study employed the Disaster Crunch model as conceptual framework that explains the occurrence of disasters in holistic way. Various methods were employed in collection of data such as semi structured questionnaire, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), public hearings and field observations. It was found out that the local communities had vast knowledge through which disaster risk and vulnerability were reduced. The communities were aware of the earthquake as they identified it by their local/ tribal names. They also were capable to identify tsunami in the Lake Nyasa that caused the widespread destruction of resources and malfunctioning of the society. The local communities had their own mechanisms to withstand the quakes. The mechanisms were structural designs that included construction of wide and short wall houses. Nonstructural measures were spatial allocation of houses guided by traditions in the same way they were relatively safe from tremors. It was found out that the activities in post disaster phase were weak compared to the pre disaster phase. It was also found that TEKS was better established in the area than Modern Environmental Knowledge Systems (MEKS). The latter was also observed to be unable to compliment TEKS in disaster planning and management as a whole. It was concluded that TEKS played an important role in reducing the community vulnerability and risk to the earthquake disaster in spite of being ignored by MEKS. It was recommended that a bottom-up cum top-down approach that intricately integrates available TEKS and MEKS is capable of reducing the risk and vulnerability to disasters and promoting sustainable development.