Browsing by Author "Hashim, Halfan"

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    Labour migration and its socio-economic impacts on communities in Masasi district, 1920-1960
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2015) Hashim, Halfan
    This study provides an account of labour migration and its socio-economic impact on the livelihoods of the people of Masasi district. It explores the introduction of the migrant labour system to the area and its associated problems in the period under review. The study begins by giving a historical background of Masasi district by focusing on the socio-political and economic organization that existed in the area before the colonialists came to the area. It is said that before the establishment of the colonial economy the people of Masasi engaged in long distance trade. But after the establishment of the colonial economy in Tanganyika, Masasi was turned into a labour reserve, supplying labourers to the production centres such as Tanga, Mikindani and Morogoro, where cash crops were grown. The migration of people from Masasi to these centres was a result of a number of factors. The monetization of the economy and the limited economic opportunities that could enable people to get more money created conditions for migration to take place. Besides, the demand for labour outside the district, especially in the sisal plantations of Morogoro or Tanga acted as a pull factor. Oral and archival sources have revealed that agriculture and food production in Masasi were much affected because a large number of the able-bodied men left the area for the plantations. Thus, famine and hunger hit the area for many years during the colonial rule. The educational sector was also affected as people quit school and went to work in the plantations. The established social norms were also affected because the youth, who went to work in the colonial enterprises, acquired bad habits that spread in Masasi when they returned. Migrant migration also resulted in adulterous practices and divorces. The death of labourers in the plantations caused the existence of single parent families in Masasi.
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    The role of Community –Based Forest Management Approach in improving local communities social services provision in Tanzania : the case of Kilwa District, Masters dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam.
    (University of Dar es salaam, 2018) Hashim, Halfan
    This study examined the role of Community-Based Forest Management Approach in improving the provision of social services in Kikole, Kisangi and Nanjilinji . A villages in Kilwa district, Tanzania especially, it examined four inter-related issues. First, it looks at the implementation of Community _based Forest Management Approach in Kilwa district as a whole. Second, it examined the challenges facing Community- Based Forest Management Approach in Kilwa district as a whole. Second, it examined the challenges facing Community-Based Forest Management Approach in the district. Third, it identified the forest products to which the communities have access. Lastly, the study examines the contribution of Community Based Management Approach in improving social service provision in Kilwa district in general and in the selected villages in a particular. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from primary and secondary sources, using structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion, field observations and in depth interviews. The study was guided by political Ecology theory and Common-pool Resource Management theory to analyze the data. Overall study findings show that education, health and water sectors have received various kinds of assistance from the government of the three villages. For instance, a number of classrooms and staff houses have been built and boreholes have been sunk in the villages. The findings also indicate that Community- Based Forest Management faces challenges such as the dishonesty of some agriculturalists and pastoralists done in the community forests. Furthermore, it has been established that the people in the three villages have access to such forest products as timber, fuel-wood and building materials. The study concludes that Community-Based Forest Management has significantly improved the provision of social services, thereby helping to alleviate poverty in the selected villages. Finally, the study recommends that other villages with huge tracts of land establish VLFRs and put them under CBFM because it has been shown that, if properly managed, CBFM can help to reduce poverty in rural areas.
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    The role of community-based forest management approach in improving local communities’ social service provision in Tanzania: the case of Kilwa district.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Hashim, Halfan
    This study examined the role of Community-Based Forest Management Approach in improving the provision of social services in Kikole, Kisangi and Nanjirinji a villages in Kilwa district, Tanzania. Specifically, it examined four inter-related issues. First, it looks at the implementation of Community-Based Forest Management Approach in Kilwa district as a whole. Second, it examined the challenges facing Community-Based Forest Management Approach in the district. Third, it identified the forest products to which the communities have access. Lastly, the study examines the contribution of Community-Based Forest Management Approach in improving social service provision in Kilwa district in general and in the selected villages in particular. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from primary and secondary sources, using structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions, field observations and in-depth interviews. The study was guided by Political Ecology theory and Common-pool Resource Management theory to analyze the data. Overall study findings show that the education, health and water sectors have received various kinds of assistance from the governments of the three villages. For instance, a number of classrooms and staff houses have been built and boreholes have been sunk in the villages. The findings also indicate that Community-Based Forest Management faces challenges such as the dishonesty of some members of the Village Natural Resource Committees and illegal activities of some agriculturalists and pastoralists done in the community forests. Furthermore, it has been established that the people in the three villages have access to such forest products as timber, fuel-wood and building materials. This study has contributed to the understanding of how the ownership and management of forest resources at the local level can help to improve the provision of social services. In addition, the study has contributed to the understanding of the originality of conflicts between agricultural and pastoral societies over land and hence devising sound strategies to solve the conflicts. The study concludes that Community-Based Forest Management has significantly improved the provision of social services, thereby helping to alleviate poverty in the selected villages. Finally, the study recommends that other villages with huge tracts of land establish VLFRs and put them under CBFM because it has been shown that, if properly managed, CBFM can help to reduce poverty in rural areas.