Browsing by Author "Hanolo, Stephano"

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    Phytochemical investigations and antimicrobial analysis of caesalpinia bonduc (l.) roxb
    (University of Dar Es Salaam, 2013) Hanolo, Stephano
    This thesis reports phytochemical investigations, antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antiviral analysis of extracts from Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Phytochemical analysis of Caesalpinia bonduc furnished 2-acetoxycaesaldekarin E and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyisoflavan-(6′→6′′′)-7′′,3′′′,4′′′-trihydroxyisoflavan from the extracts of leaves and stem wood respectively. The former compound is new from the species and late compound is new in nature. The structure of compounds was established based on the 1D NMR, 2D NMR, IR and MS data. Methanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts from stem wood, stem bark and leaves of Caesalpinia bonduc were evaluated for antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was performed against the three species namely Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC29953) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC25922). Antimycobacterial activity was performed against two non-pathogenic mycobacteria species namely Mycobacteria indicus pranii and Mycobacteria madagascariense. The two-fold serial dilution method was used to evaluate MIC for antimicrobial activities. Extracts with high activity had MIC of 2.5 mg/mL while those with low activity had MIC of 5.0 mg/mL. Also, Caesalpinia bonduc extracts were evaluated for antiviral activities. The Newcastle diseases virus (NDV) was used for bioassay experiments. The antiviral activities of extracts against NDV were observed at HA titre of for high activity and HA titre of for low activity. Antimicrobial activity exhibited by extracts indicated that, Caesalpinia bonduc is a potential source of bioactive metabolites which can be used as leads for the development of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.