Browsing by Author "Dielly, Simon Andrew"

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    Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some bacterial isolates and prevalence of antibodies to some common pathogens from HIV-1 infected patients and HIV-1 seronegative controls
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1991) Dielly, Simon Andrew
    235 newly admitted patients into the medical wards of the Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were investigated for antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from the nostrils and urine samples obtained from HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients and HIV-1 seronegative referents. Immunoglobulin levels, serum antibodies against Treponema palladium, Salmonella spp, staphylolysin, and Group A Streptococcus streptolysin 0 were determined in the HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative referents. All staphylococcal isolates from the nostrils of HIV-1 infected/AIDS and HIV-1 seronegative referents were sensitive to vancomycin and oxacillin but there was significant difference (P=0.003) in the mean inhibition zones of vancomycin in the two groups. There was a significant (P<0.001) difference in resistance to chloramphenicol and doxycycline shown by staphylococcal isolates from the nostrils of HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients and HIV-1 seronegative referents. There was also a significant difference (P<0.001) in sensitivity pattern to cefuroxime in the two groups investigated. Resistance to antibiotics which are rarely or not used at all in Dar es salaam was not noted in the studied patients. Significant (P<0.001) difference in sensitivity to chloramphenicol and gentamicin was noted from the urine isolates from HIV1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative referents. Bacterial isolates from HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients were therefore significantly (P<0.005) more resistant to routinely used antibiotics than isolates from HIV-1 seronegative referents. There was a significant difference (P=0.003) in the prevalence of antibodies (IgM and IgG VDRL and TPHA respectively) against Treponema Palladium in HIV-1 infected patients compared to HIV-1 seronegative referents indicating that HIV-1 infected patients were more likely to have had infection with T. palladium than their HIV-1 seronegative referents. There was a difference in the levels of antistaphylolysin in the sera of HIV-1 infected AIDS patients and HIV-1 seronegative controls. The mean ASOT titres in the HIV-1 infected/AIDS and HIV-1 seronegative controls we re 288 and 343 Todd units respectively but there was no significant difference (P=0.497). There was also no significant difference (P=0.652) in the prevalence of salmonella antibodies in the HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients and the HIV-1 seronegative referents. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in levels of IgG (mean =34g/L), IgA (mean=4.7g/L) and IgM (mean=4.03g/L) in HIV-1 serapositive patients compared to HIV-1 seronegative referents who had IgG levels (mean=25.3g/L), IgA {mean=3.9g/L) and IgM(mean=3.81g/L). Generally levels of Ig in the studied population were higher compared to a Tanzanian healthy adult population which are IgG, IgM, IgA as 18.55g/L, 2.5ig/L and 2.51g/L respectively [27). The present study suggests that HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients are more prone to bacterial infections with common pathogens, The results also suggest that HIV-1 infected/AIDS patients tend to harbour bacterial flora which are multiply resistant to antibiotics.