Browsing by Author "Chonjo, Joyce Peters"

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    The impact of HIV and AIDS on the elderly people in Makete district, Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2009) Chonjo, Joyce Peters
    This study examined. The impact of HIV and AIDS as the Elderly people in Makete District, Tanzanian, in order to assess how the pandemic affected the elderly people socially, culturally, emotionally and economically. The study was based on the major assumption that the HIV and AIDS pandemic has added more burden to the elderly people at the time when they needed to be cared for and as such it has changed their lifestyle. Thus HIV and AIDS pandemic killed the young and productive adults aged between 15and 49 years, and left the elderly people and children under 15 years behind. The choice of the study areas was based on a number of factors such as: the high rate of HIV and AIDS infection, the big number of orphaned children a noticeable decline in population from one census to another as reported in the 2002 population and housing census and very high level of interventions by the government and non-governmental organization in HIV and AIDS programmes. The study covered 662 household headed by 959 elderly people in the division of Matamba, Ikuwo, Magoma, Bulongwa, Lupalilo and Ukwama. This study was exploratory and therefore, it used case studies and interviews to collect the data. It was observed that the elderly people were highly involved in caring for the sick people who were their children or grandchildren and the orphans whose number was increasing daily. The toll of caring is exacerbated by the sheer economic cost of providing the orphans with all three basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care and school facilities. The survey results confirmed that a significant number of the elderly people were affected by the debilitating effect of HIV and AIDS pandemic. About 64 percent had lost an adult child from AIDS, while 22 percent were caring for adult children who were sick. HIV and AIDS remain new phenomena to most elderly people because of the low level of knowledge and awareness about the pandemic. Low level of knowledge is contributed by low level of education, less involvement in HIV and AIDS information are not targeting the elderly people. Ultimately, the elderly people remained the key resource in enabling their households to function after a member of their households had contracted HIV and AIDS. They play the role of the parents by nurturing their grandchildren who have been affected by this illness. Despite of all these valuable roles and responsibilities they are not acknowledged and recognized. Since they are so instrument in these roles, serous measures are needed to make them the target of HIV and AIDS interventions in their communities. Hence this study calls for inclusion of the elderly people in all HIV and AIDS invention programmes and more focus should be to those aged 60 years and above because this is the most affected group.
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    Population growth livehood and its relationship to environmental degradation in Tanzania: a case study of Bulongwa division in Makete district, Iringa region
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1999) Chonjo, Joyce Peters
    The overall study focused on establishing the relationship between population growth, livelihood and environmental degradation which has been experienced in Bulongwa Division. The research premises which guided the study focused on analysing the occupation of people and its impact on environmental degradation, whether education contributed to people to be more aware on the measures to combat their environment. Analysis has been made to see whether agricultural innovation is a result of population growth in a particular area. The findings of the study are based on information gathered through documentary reviews, semi-structured interviews to individuals, questionnaires and observation through transect walk. The bulk of data were analysed using chi-square test and frequency distribution. The study established that there are close relationship between population growth, livelihood and environmental degradation through occupation of the people. Factors associated with population growth like land scarcity, land fragmentation, and change in land use pattern were used to ascertain the growth. Furthermore, it was noted that people in Bulongwa are aware about the existence of the environmental degradation and measures to combat it. However, there is remarkable resistance for people to take serious action to protect their environment. The main factor, which contributes to this, is inadequate land for crop cultivation. The study concludes by giving some recommendations, which are useful by all stakeholders in the area including the villagers, leaders, politicians and the policy makers. Among the recommendations includes: -•Encouraging people to participate fully in environmental management programmes right from problem identification, decision making, planning and implementation. •Strengthening the policy and other related factors, which contributes to raising standards of living of people and environmental conservation •Raising level of awareness and effective implementation of measures that are geared toward environmental conservation •Changing population distribution, density and occupation of people.