Browsing by Author "Augustino, Oliva"

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    Isolation, modification and performance of bio-based polymeric materials for chemically enhanced oil and gas recovery
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Augustino, Oliva
    This study reports on EOR/EGR methods particularly chemical polymer flooding processes that induce the oil production from the explored wells to increase total volume of oil extracted. The bin polymers polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) from bio materials namely plant gums exudates (RG) and brewers spend grains (BSG) were formulated 89.20% and 9.5% of hermicelluloses were successfully extracted from RG and BSG bio materials, respectively, through water extraction and precipitated by ethanol. Modification of hemicelluloses was done through carboxymethylation procedures of etherification under heterogeneous system of ethanol/ water alkaline solution (4:1). The process involved reactions with various 10 M NaOH volumes and subsequently etherified with monochloroacetic acid at varies temperature (40, 45, 65, 75, 1000C). The modified samples’ produced 94% and 74% yield of carboxymethylated hemicelluloses from RG and BSG, respectively. This absolute degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylated hemicelluloses was found to increase with increasing volume of 10 M NaOH up to 0.85 at 3.5 Ml of NaOH thereafter decreased at higher volumes. On the other hand DS increase with temperature up to 0.69 at 6oC; then decreased at higher temperature. Viscosity of the polymeric solutions increased with increase in concentrations of polymers. Thermal stability showed that modified samples decomposed at low temperatures of 270 and 1900C for RG2 and BSG2, respectively, compared to unmodified samples whose decomposed temperature were 300 and 2200C for RG and BSG for enhanced oil recovery. The unmodified hemicellulosic polymers performance in oil recovery of 45% and 43.1% were obtained from modified RG and BSG, respectively.