Browsing by Author "Ally, Bashiru"

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    The politics of election administration in Tanzania under multipartism: the case of 2000 general elections.
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2002) Ally, Bashiru
    This study is about the election administration in Tanzania. It specifically examines the domestic political factors that contributed to the maladministration of the union parliamentary elections in the year 2000. Drawing on interviews with central players and election reports and documents, the study demonstrates that the electoral laws had a lot of loopholes and unfair limits, resulting into electoral malpractices, especially in the registration and campaign processes as well as unfair competition. Relatedly, some legal provisions were unfair and that hampered the enforcement of other rules, including the rules against cheating and administrative unaccountability. The study's findings further indicate that the political influence of the government officials affected negatively the administration of elections. It is also revealed that the election managers in the constituencies had divided accountability and loyalties and that jeopardized their impartiality and autonomy. The study demonstrates further that majority of citizens were readily manipulatable and usable by unscrupulous candidates and their constituency backers. The low level of citizens' civic competence is largely attributed to lack of national strategy for promoting civic education and the organisational weaknesses of Tanzania's political parties. Relatedly, most citizens behaved in such a way that they were unaware of their voting rights and obligations or unwilling to take appropriate measures that would discourage electoral malpractices. In this study, several recommendations are given. These include: the need for subjecting unopposed candidates to voters' verdict; urgent need for a voter register: the need for more comprehensive review of electoral laws and the United Republic Constitution rules; the need for a national strategy for promoting civic education and the need for establishing permanent secretariats of NEC at national, zonal and regional levels.
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    State and market in urban land conflicts: the case of Dar es salaam city, Tanzania: 1995-2015
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2015) Ally, Bashiru
    This study sought to examine and explain the nature and causes of persistent urban land conflicts in Dar es Salaam since the adoption of the market-oriented land policy framework in 1995. In pursuit of the overall objective of the study, empirical evidence was gathered mainly through qualitative methods of data collection namely in-depth interviews, participant observation and review of relevant documents and literature. Overall, the study findings have revealed that urban land conflicts in Dar es Salaam are mainly rooted in the politics and policies of dispossession which are legimised and enforced through the institutional framework of the state. Such politics and policies of dispossession are fostering legal and extra-legal activities and practices in the land market such as coercion, violence, predation, corruption, swindling, manipulation of laws, land speculation and unethical conduct of some state officials and professionals. In addition, urban land conflicts are largely caused by the excessive power and influence of officials in the executive arm of the state over access and control of land. The main policy issue which has emerged out of the study findings is on the need for fostering democratic principles of urban land administration and planning. To realise this policy reform proposal, it is highly recommended that the existing market-oriented and state-backed land policy framework has to be subjected to rigorous and open national public policy debate