PhD Theses

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Browsing PhD Theses by Author "Kaduma, Josephine Diana"

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    Man-made lakes: their social economic and ecological impacts: the case in Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 1977) Kaduma, Josephine Diana
    The creation of man-made lakes have become a popular method of developing the water resources of river basins the world over. The purposes for their creation vary from flood control, irrigation, navigation, fishing and hydro-electric power production. Their impacts to the people and areas in their vicinity are similar. The planning, construction, operation and maintainance procedures are also similar. Hence earlier cases provide useful lessons to the later ones. This study examines the influence of man-made lakes on man's environment and on his social and economic ways of life. While man-made lakes have been constructed successfully in some developed nations, in Africa, their planning has omitted many social and environmental aspects. Consequently, various problems to both the people and the economic and / or ecological planners have been experienced. By studying five large man-made lakes in other African countries, the thesis shows how their planning and problems are similar to those of man-made lakes in Tanzania. Nyumba ya Mungu lake, the first man-made lake in Tanzania is studied in detail showing similarities to the five lakes. Its planning and implementation processes are examined showing omissions, failures, successes and achievements. An attempt is made to show where Nyumba ya Mungu experiences are being used in the planning of other man-made lakes in Tanzania and where similar mistakes are being made. The thesis observes with concern that in spite of earlier experiences, planning of new man-made lakes in Tanzania still places a great deal of emphasis on the production of hydroelectric power at the expense of other water requiring activities. The multi-purpose approach is used only as a means of satisfying the economic justification analysis. Pangani and Rufiji river projects are used to illustrate the adherence to this tendency. In an economic analysis, costs and benefits are given monetary values to facilitate comparisons. In a country like Tanzania, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to quantify many benefits accruing from a water resource development project hence the relevance of the analysis becomes questionable.